Term
| Myenteric Plexus (Auerbach’s) |
|
Definition
| Between layers of muscularis externa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between inner circular muscle & submucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervate digestive organs
Influence motility & secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rapidly conducting
Well localized sharp pain
Innervate the peritoneum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slow conducting
Poorly localized, dull pain
Respond to:
mechanical stretch or spasm
Chemical stimuli (inflam, ischemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vague
Loosely corresponds to the spinal segment that innervates the involved area
Aching, gnawing
Cramping
From hollow organs
Ex. PUD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflammation
Intense
Corresponds to dermatome distribution of involved area
Steady, aching
More severe
Localized
↑ with activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Perforation
Inflammation
Torsion
Peritonitis
Perforated Peptic ulcer
Pancreatitis
Ectopic Pregnancy
Renal Calculi
Cholelithiasis
Intestinal Obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
liver
gallbladder
kidney
pancreas
duodenum
colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intestines
testes
ovary
ureters
kidneys
appendix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
duodenum
abdominal aorta
stomach
pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spleen
stomach
kidney
pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small intestine
appendix
abdominal aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cladder
uterus/ovary
testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hepatitis
Liver Cancer
Liver Abscess
Biliary Disorders
PUD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Splenomegaly
Splenic Infarction
Splenic Abscess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gastritis
PUD
GERD
Pancreatitis
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Biliary disease
Gastric Malignancy
Myocardial Infarction
Cardiac ischemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small bowel obstruction
Gastroenteritis
Appendicitis
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Ischemic bowel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Appendicitis
Ischemic bowel
Ovarian cyst
Ectopic Pregnancy
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Epididymitis
Testicular Torsion
Nephrolithiasis
Pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diverticulitis
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative Colitis
IBS
Ischemic bowel
Ovarian cyst
Ectopic Pregnancy
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Epididymitis
Testicular Torsion
Nephrolithiasis
Pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
UTI
PID
Endometriosis
Ovarian cyst
Ectopic Pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Esophagitis
Esophageal ulcer
Esophageal spasm
Esophageal stricture
GERD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abd pain → Left shld
Splenic rupture, renal calculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Esophagitis
Esophageal spasm
Esophageal stricture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Esophagitis
Esophageal ulcer
Esophageal spasm
Esophageal stricture
Esophageal varices
GERD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Appendicitis
Acute cholecystitis
Acute peritonitis
Malignancy
Gastritis/ Gastroenteritis
Pancreatitis
Nephrolithiasis
Pyelonephritis
Ectopic Pregnancy
Motion sickness
Vertigo
↑ Intracranial Pressure
HA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PUD
GERD
Esophageal Ulcer/ Varies
Gastric Malignancy
Mallory Weiss Tear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infection/ Inflammation:
Campylobacter
Shigella
Salmonella
E coli
C difficile
Infection:
Rotavirus
Norwalk virus
Giardia
Food Poisoning
S Aureus
Bacillus
C botulinum
C perfrigens
Drugs:
EtOH
Antacid
Laxatives
Theophylline
Colicine
Antibiotics
Glucophage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occurs following active secretion of lytes & water
Hyperthyroid, cancer, drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poorly absorbed materials retain fluid in the gut
Lactose defic, laxatives, celiac disease, pancreas d/o |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Release of protein, blood, mucus from the inflamed gut
Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, lymphoma, ischemic colitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small intestine, large volume diarrhea
Short bowel syndrome, radiation, resection, malnutrition, vit defic |
|
|
Term
| Decreased immunity diarrhea |
|
Definition
HIV, chemo
Giardia, crypto, CMV, C difficile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alternating with constipation, pain
IBS, DM, narcotics, post-op, fecal impaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gallstones
GB infection
Liver malignancy
Liver abscess
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Hereditary D/O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Peritonitis
Cirrhosis
CHF
Portal HTN
Neoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infection of esophagus
Fungal
Prolonged exposure to acid
Immunocompromised
Pain does not correlate
Odynophagia
Dysphagia
Anorexia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Episodic tightening
Stress
Certain foods
Cold substances
Gastric acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Narrowing of esophagus
2˚ to chronic GERD & inflam
Dysphagia
Odynophagia
Food becomes lodged
PPIs, dilatation w/ endoscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dilation of esophageal blood vessel
Hematemesis
Melena
Dysphagia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ulcer in esophagus 2˚ to GERD
Erosion of mucosa
Odynophagia
Dysphagia
Possible bleed
Anorexia
PPIs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Complication of GERD
After prolonged exposure to acid
Columnar epithelium replaces normal squamous epithelium in distal esophagus
Predisposes to adenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Tracheoesophageal fistula |
|
Definition
Occurs at birth
Junction between trachea & esophagus
Coughing with eating |
|
|
Term
| Columnar epithelium replaces normal squamous epithelium in distal esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of the gastroesophageal sphincter to relax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ulcers more likely to perforate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of bile ducts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gallstones in common bile duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Jaundice
Fever
RUQ pain
Cholangitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Severe, persistent RUQ pain
Fever, chills
Tachycardia
Murphy’s sign
Distention
Decreased BS |
|
|
Term
| Cholelithiasis & Choledocholithiasis |
|
Definition
Episodic, severe RUQ pain
Sudden onset
Radiates to subscapular
N & V
Jaundice
Anorexia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sudden onset
Severe epigastric pain
Continuous
Radiates to back, groin, Left shoulder
Rebound tenderness
N & V
Fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflam of organ inflames peritoneum
Guarding
Rebound tenderness
↑ pain w/ activity
Swallow respirations
↓ bowel sounds
N & V |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abrupt, severe onset
Spasmodic
Periumbilical, epigastric
Very localized pain
Distention
Hyperactive, high pitched BS
N & V
Rebound tenderness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Familial
Take long time to grow
Benign
Asymptomatic
Can be malignant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mouth → Anus
Rectum spared
Young adults
Diarrhea, cramping
Steatorrhea
Anemia
Fistulas, Strictures common
Cobblestone appearance (XR)
Skip lesions (XR)
String sign (XR) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Colon
Rectum always involved
Continuous lesions
Abrupt onset
Severe bloody diarrhea
Anemia
N & V, fever - acute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Megacolon due to failure of development of myenteric plexus in recto-sigmoidal region
Area above dilates
Chronic constipation
Abdominal pain
Distention
Fecal impaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Twisting of the bowel upon itself causing obstruction
Prolapsed mesentery
Sigmoid & ileocecal areas
Occurs with children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slipping of one part of intestine into another
Telescoping
Children
Ileocecal region |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Labs & Tests for abdominal complaints |
|
Definition
CBC - ↑ WBC, anemia
ESR - ↑ with infection, inflammation, malignancy
Lytes - cause or result of illness
BUN/Cr - volume depletion, renal problems
LFTs - liver
Bilirubin - liver, gallbladder
Amylase - early ↑ in pancreatitis
Lipase - later ↑ in pancreatitis
Calcium - ↑ with malignancy
Albumin - ↑ with intra-abdominal malignancy
↓ with malnutrition |
|
|
Term
Urinalysis
Diagnostic Labs & Tests for abdominal complaints |
|
Definition
Glucose - ↑ in DM, DKA, renal dz
Protein - hydration, HTN
Ketones - ↑ in DKA
Blood – UTI, calculi
Bilirubin – biliary obstruct, liver dz
Urobilinogen – liver dz
Nitrates - ↑ in UTIs
Leukocytesterase - ↑ in UTIs
Specific gravity - hydration |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Labs & Tests Stool Studies |
|
Definition
Culture & Sensitivity
Campylobacter
Shigella
Salmonella
E coli
Yersinia
Ova & Parasites
Giardia
C difficile toxin assay
H pylori Ag |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Biliary Disorders
Appendicitis
Renal disease
Pancreas
Liver size and consistancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Suprapubic pain
RLQ & LLQ Pain
Ovarian cyst
Ectopic Pregnancy
Renal calculi @ cystoureteral junction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Better than US for most abdominal structures
Except for GB & ureters
Abscess often missed if IV contrast not used |
|
|
Term
| Colonoscopy Indicated for: |
|
Definition
Guaiac positive
Weight loss
Chronic Diarrhea
Cancer suspected
Do not order for diverticulitis |
|
|
Term
| Upper GI w/ small bowel follow through |
|
Definition
Used for esophageal disorders
Strictures, achalasia |
|
|
Term
| Esophagogastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) |
|
Definition
Upper endoscopy
PUD
GERD
Suspected Cancer
Weight loss
Anemia
Guaiac positive
Treatment failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
