Term
|
Definition
-replced slaves
-could not be bought or sold
-usually had to work lords lan
-not unusual to get here freedom by running away
-performed labor for lords, had to pay dues (taxes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-3 field roatation
-2 per year one per season as one lays fallow
-limited but only way land could recover nutriend w/o fertilizer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-productivity imporved with use of iron tipped plow, padded horse collar, use of manure for fertilzer
-common that some were starving while others had surplus
-half to a third of the land had to be left fallow each year
-famines were common |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-divided in income, and social status
-S.U.C
-benefited from the guild system(controlled production of prices of many goods and services
-marginal people never had steady work often begged or moved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-got rights from documents that grnated them noble status
-noble status was heredity(even for women)
-nobles were usually vassals of someone(suzerain)
-5 ranks of nobility
-women were considered as equally noble as men |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-claimed status by being soliders, judges,guardians
-noblewomen:frewuently held positions in come power
nobles normally vassals
-nobles rank determined his job |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-parish clergy, regular clergy(monkd)
- monks lived in monastaries
-went by ruled of benedictine
-believed in a mixture of manual and intelluctual work
-came from aristocracy and or middle class |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-involvement in buisness often led to corruption
-monks and nuns did much good work
i.e: mangaed hospitals,schools,orphanages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-apparences of hersies met with brutal force
-domincan order was an intellectual group
-hersies became widespread in the church |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-new cities built(B.M.M)
-towns got better due to rising trade volume
-steady rise in population
-townsmen could pruchase freedom from nobles
-increased power of church=peaceful society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gave young nobles an doutlet for warliek impluses
- deepened animosty between chirstians and muslims
-series of wars between christians and muslims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-towns had become a source of royal taxes
-they were the upperclass
-major feature in political and social landscape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-segregeated into ghettos
-not allowed to own land, joined guilds
-took up finaical and merchantile persuit |
|
|
Term
| Roayal kingdoms formation of states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-by 1000 ce eurpean civilization reviatilized and flourished
-14th c, seried of disasters i.e: blakc death and hundred years war
-christianc church involved in scandals
-conciliar movement caused corruption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-good life was coming to and end
-climate changed(little ice age for 500 years
-no inovations to increase food supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-most massive epidemic on record
-no one knew how it spread or what counter measures to take.
-C.E.N.S.S R.S.
-1/4 of european population was killed off
-expansion of trade routes contributed ot the spread of this 9 the silk road)
- |
|
|
Term
| Consequences of the black death(economic and physic) |
|
Definition
-italy and england hit hardest(venice)
-merchants and traders found fewer consumers to buy
-better working conditions,wages,job security for workers who survived
-believed that god sent the plague as a warning that sinners change their morals and conduct
-also sid that this was gods punishment for allowng jews to live among them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dynastic quarrel between england and france
-problems of feudal allegiance
-william the conquer is the king of england but he also attains the name as the duke of france
-developed into a civil war espicially in france |
|
|
Term
| Battle of crecy and the battle of agincourt |
|
Definition
-crecy:english victory, roger bacon(gun powder), established 6ft bow as calvary
-agincourt:english victory,henry 5th deicded to press claim for france |
|
|
Term
| Consequences of the hundred years war |
|
Definition
-Joan of arc:had visions imploring her to lift the siege, huge turning point in the war,led french troops in battle
-commoners would not own horses so the would make bows(cheap)
-france:NtoR
-england-KtoP
-orginally popular among english
-became to be seen as a bottomless pit swallowing up taxes and man power |
|
|
Term
| Christian chirch omnipresent instituton |
|
Definition
-pope not only the head of the church also crowned monarchs
-blending of the 2 fostered greed and corruptions with in the church |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-first time since peter that the head of the church had not lvied in rome
-urban VI and clement VII:competing, dueling popes
-clement decided to stay in rance instead of in rome
-big mistake, all successors wanted to stay there(known as babylonian captivatiy)
-led to great schism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conciliar movement:enacted some new reforms
-John wyclif:believed that individual christians should be able to interpet the bible in their own way
-this is major, it really shapes the rst of christianity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-scandal of schism caused resentment,pressure to end papal quarrel
-made some changes:new pope choosen,tried to eliminate hersey only partially effective, and reforms were disscussed but nothing really changed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-guilds were formed so onyl peope who excelled could become masters
-apprentice at age 10, and journeyman at age 18
-guilds:controlled what was made,for what price,and by whom
-purpose to ensure economic security for memebers, not a competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-scientific studies improved
-focused on arts and humanities
-roger bacon,perfected gun powder
-nothing else really advanced that far |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - albertus magnus and roger bacon pioneered experimental methods |
|
|
