Term
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Definition
-responds to environmental stimuli,
-self replicating
-change/mutation |
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Term
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Definition
-responds to environmental stimuli,
-self replicating
-change/mutation |
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Term
| What is the main difference between lower and higher organisms? |
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Definition
| The level of complexity (craftiness) |
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Term
| What are activator proteins? |
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Definition
| They are proteins that sit on DNA to mark the beginning of the gene. They recruit HATs and chromatin remodeling complexes. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are histone acetylases that specifically acetylate histones to make DNA more accessible for transcription factors and RNA polII. |
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Term
| What are the two types of things an activator protein might recruit? |
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Definition
| HATs or chromatin remodeling complexes |
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Term
| 7 ways that regulatory proteins could, in theory, be regulated: |
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Definition
-Protein synthesis
-ligand binding (small molecule cofactors)
-phosphorylation
-addition of another subunit
-unmasking of an active site
-unmasking of NLS
-Release from the membrane. |
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Term
| How much affinity do RNA polymerases have for promoters? |
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Definition
| Not much without transcription factors. |
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Term
| What factors can determine whether a factor is a repressor or activator of transcription? |
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Definition
-protein partners
-where it's bound
-state of covalent modification |
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Term
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Definition
| It's a high mobility group: a transcription factor that facilitates DNA binding. It allows distant TFs to affect transcription of a gene. |
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Term
| What 2 domains do most transcription factors have? |
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Definition
| Most transcription factors have a domain that binds specifically to DNA and another that interacts somehow with the initiation complex. |
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Term
| What are insulator regions? |
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Definition
| They are elements of DNA that is tightly bound to proteins that resist remodeling. They physically isolate a gene. |
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Term
| What is the LCR of the Beta globin gene? |
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Definition
| It is the locus of control region that directs the temporal expression of each of the B globin family genes. |
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Term
| When is epsilon globin expressed? |
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Definition
| 1st 12 weeks of gestation. |
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Term
| When is gamma globin expressed? |
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Definition
| after epsilon globin expression and before birth. |
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Term
| What does butyrate affect in patients with sickle cell anemia? |
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Definition
| The LCR region that determines which of the beta globin genes to express. |
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Term
| 5 ways a repressor protein could negatively regulate gene expression: |
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Definition
-bind to a site that overlaps with the activator binding site (competitive)
-blocking the activation surface
-direct interaction with general transcription factors
-recruiting repressive chromatin remodeling complexes or blocking the activating ones.
-Blocking HAT and recruiting histone deacetylase. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are large regions of CpG dimers in the promoter regions of genes, especially housekeeping genes, that are undermethylated. |
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Term
| Does methylation result in more or less gene transcription? |
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Definition
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Term
| Steroid hormone receptors have what 3 domains? |
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Definition
| Variable region (activating domain), the DNA binding domain, and the hormone binding region. |
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Term
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Definition
| It's a synthetic estrogen analogue that prevents estrogen from binding to its receptor. |
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Term
| The morning after pill does what? |
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Definition
| It's a progesterone analogue that prevents implantation in the early stage. |
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