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| Single- or multi-celled organisms that contain nuclei and membrane-bound organelles |
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| Contains some fungi and all animals |
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| A loosely-defined group that lacks true organized tissues. Some have mitochondria, some don't, some are simple, some are complex, some are multicellular, some are unicellular... you get the picture. The group is a mess. |
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| Protists that contain all eukaryotic organelles except chloroplasts. Most species are not pathogenic. |
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| Cell membrane, and two-layered cytoplasm (ectoplasm and endoplasm) |
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| Outer, clear cytoplasm in protozoa that is used for feeding, locomotion, and protection |
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| Inner, granular cytoplasm in protozoa that contains all the organelles and carries out metabolic and synthesis actions. |
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| Protozoa are heterotrophic, and can either absorb or engulf their food. |
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Flagella (to swim)
Cilia
Pseudopodia ("false feet")
Gliding through contortion or twisting of the cell |
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| What is the protozoan life cycle like? |
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Definition
| Protozoans have two life stages: trophozoite (active), and cyst (dormant). Most reproduce asexually, although some take part in conjugation. |
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Definition
| Ciliated pathogenic protozoa |
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| Amoeboid pathogenic protozoa |
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| Flagellated pathogenic protozoa |
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Pathogenic protozoa
Example: malaria, toxoplasmosis |
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Definition
| Heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls made of chitin. They can be unicellular or colonial. |
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Definition
| Form a network of hyphae that together are called a mycelium, and may form a fruiting body (ex. mushrooms) |
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| Fungus threads that consist of cells placed end-to-end. |
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| Hyphae in which there are cell walls between cells. |
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| Hyphae in which cells are not divided. |
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| Unicellular fungus bauplan |
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| Each unit cell is called a "yeast". Cells are oval-shaped, and can touch end-to-end to form pseudohyphae. |
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Term
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Definition
1. General term for any unicellular fungus.
2. The term for a single unicellular fungus unit.
3. A type of unicellular fungus used in fermentation. |
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| Most are saprobes, others are carnivorous or parasitic. Enzymes or toxins are used to break down food, which is then absorbed. |
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| Fungal reproduction vehicle, designed to be able to spread to allow immobile fungi to exchange genes |
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| Fungal asexual reproduction |
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Definition
Yeasts bud off new organisms.
Hyphae can either fragment or form spores. |
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Definition
A sac is made in which spores can be produced through mitosis
(Asexual reproduction) |
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Definition
Formed when vegetative hyphae are broken off or segmented
(Asexual reproduction) |
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Term
| Fungal sexual reproduction |
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Definition
| Two hyphae fuse to form special reproductive structures, meiosis occurs, and spores are released |
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Definition
Nuclei of two hyphae fuse right away
(Sexual reproduction) |
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Definition
The two hyphae do NOT fuse right away, and a sac is formed for reproduction
(Sexual reproduction) |
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Definition
Two hyphae do NOT fuse right away, and a club-like appendage is formed for reproduction
(Sexual reproduction) |
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Term
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Definition
Ascomycota
Contains more human pathogens than the other divisions |
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Definition
Basidiomycota
Example: Cryptococcus |
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Deuteromycota
Examples: Candida and Coccidiodes
Asexual reproduction only |
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Claviceps purpurea - Ascomycota
Parasitizes grasses and contains LSD. Colonists in America had outbreaks of ergot because they ate ergot-tainted bread. |
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| Heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes with no cell walls and mostly sexual reproduction |
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| Worm-like pathogenic animals. Distributed all over the globe, but mostly affect malnourished or young humans. |
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Definition
Flatworms. Contains tapeworms and flukes.
(Helminth) |
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Worms (nematodes).
(Helminth) |
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| Adults live in the intestine, and after mating, the male dies. The female then lays her eggs in the anal sphincter to be expelled. |
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Term
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Definition
| The worm is born in the intestine, travels through the blood to the lungs, then moves up the trachea and is swallowed. It matures in the intestine, the male dies after mating, and releases its eggs into the stool. |
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