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| area where Etruscans lived, central Italy |
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| area around the mouth of the Tiber river, future location of Rome |
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| largest island off the coast of Italy |
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| object left in a sacred place for ritual purposes |
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| puts an absolute date on something |
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| puts something in a larger timeline |
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| absolute chronology, looks at the ammount of Carbon which has decayed |
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| absolute chronology, looks at absorbed light that is re-emitted on heating which is proportional to the dose of radiation received. used to date things like pottery which were heated in the past |
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| neutron activation analysis (NAA) |
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| absolute chronology, used for determining certain concentrations of elements in a vast amount of materials |
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| absolute chronology, looks at things like tree rings |
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| relative chronology, looks at levels of soil |
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| relative chronology, looks at styles relative to other dated styles |
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509 BCE=first consuls of Rome
451-450 BCE=Decemvirs/Twelve Tables
390 BCE=Gallic sack of Rome
366 BCE=first plebian counsul |
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| fixed date used in relative dating of objects |
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| Final Bronze Age (Protovillanovan) |
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| Early Iron Age (Villanovan), pre-urban |
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| Early and Middle Orientalizing |
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| Late Orientalizing, urban (Archaic period) |
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| extinct relative of modern humans |
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| type of early modern humans |
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| seasonal movement of people with their livestock over relatively short distances |
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12,000 BCE
modern European climate
communities w/ hunting/fishing/gathering
some social differentiation in burials |
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5,000 BCE
hand-thrown pottery
small-scale agriculture
domestic livestock
acephalous social structure
evidence of ritualistic religion |
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| loose social structure without a 'head' |
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| Chalcolithic (Copper Age) |
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3,000-2,000 BCE
elites visable bc some buried with metals
richer burials w/ small chamber tombs and grave goods
sites move to more defensible positions |
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| pottery treatment in which the surface of the pot is polished, using a hard smooth surface, after firing the surface is very shiny |
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| Neandethals in lowlands of Etruria |
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| appearance of "modern" man |
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| advent of modern climate in Etruria |
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| Neolithic period, start of farming |
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4,000-3,000 BCE
exchange networks
livestock for secondary uses
larger settlements w/ grain storage, and therefore ranking and control of production |
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| Early and Middle Bronze Age |
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Iron Age culture
cremation
warrior aristocracy |
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Iron Age culture
Atestine or Situla people |
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| Iron Age Etruscan culture, not called Etruscan because of lack of writing for comparison |
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Iron Age culture, would become Rome
Roman view:
Aneas founds Lavinium, his son founds Alba Longa, descendants Romulus and Remus found Rome |
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| early stage of urbanization |
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| explain how something came to be, eg how Rome was founded |
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| physical growth of urban areas from rural areas as a result of population immigration to an existing urban area |
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| type of urn usually used for burials, all of them have one handle, sometimes a second handle was broken off before it was used for burial |
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| urn shaped like a hut used to store ashes in a burial |
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| larger tombs made to house bodies, could be used for more than one person, signified status/wealth |
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| pins found in graves of both men and women, serpentine usually with men, arch-bow usually with women |
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| used in weaving, sometimes found in female graves |
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| used in weaving, sometimes found in female graves |
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| Dionysius of Halicarnassus |
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| a Greek who wrote a history of Rome trying to show that Rome had been founded by Greeks |
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Iron Age cemetary near Rome, Latial, 3 cremation types:
A:miniature grave goods, men only
B:combo of mini and life-size grave goods, men only
C:full sized grave goods, men and women |
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| necropolis (cemetary) in the Roman Forum. stopped being used for burials when Rome gre to the point that it became public land as a result of urbanization |
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| typical Roman family structure |
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vertical=seperation based on classes
horizontal=seperations within the same class |
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| wrote the history of Rome as it is described in myths (Aeneas, Romulus and all that) |
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| Greek who fled from the Trojans, later came to Italy and founded Lavinium. his descendants would found Rome |
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endo=marrying within a specific ethnic group, class or social group
exo=marrying outside those groups |
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