Details Title: Ethics MidTerm Description: Ethics MidTerm Total Flash Cards: 87 Created: 07/07/2009 23:57:54		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Philosophy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term These flash cards are brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com Definition These flash cards are brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com Term 1.) State Martin Heidegger's basic definition of philosophy Definition 1.) State Martin Heidegger's basic definition of philosophy "Some things are obscured by obviousness" or some things are so obvious but can't be explained Term 2.) State Professor Molani's basic definition of philosophy. Definition 2.) State Professor Molani's basic definition of philosophy. Philosophy concerns itself with answering the obvious Term 3.) State two thing's that may drive you crazy about philosophy Definition 3.) State two thing's that may drive you crazy about philosophy In philosophy you rarely get precise answers Philosophy deals with the obvious, but can have some of the toughest questions Term 4.) Philosophy can be broken into three questions which are... Definition 4.) Philosophy can be broken into three questions which are... What questions and answers does philosophy deal with? What branches/areas does philosophy investigate? What do philosophers do? Term 5.) Philosophy searches for and analyzes explanations about the universe. Give a couple of examples of what philosophy analyzes. Definition 5.) Philosophy searches for and analyzes explanations about the universe. Give a couple of examples of what philosophy analyzes. Two answers from the following would suffice ---Why is there something as opposed to nothing in the universe? ---What is the ultimate reality/truth? ---What is beauty? ---What is the essence of good/bad, right/wrong? Term 6.) What do philosophers do? Definition 6.) What do philosophers do? They construct and analyze arguments Analyzes the structure and form of arguments Term 7.) Name the seven branches/areas that philosophy investigates. Definition 7.) Name the seven branches/areas that philosophy investigates. Epistemology / theory of knowledge metaphysics / ontology Ethics Political philosophy Aesthetics Meta theory /a cultural critique Logic Term 8.) What does the word etymology mean? Definition 8.) What does the word etymology mean? Etymology is the study of the root/origin of words Term 9.) What is the etymology of the word Philosophy? Definition 9.) What is the etymology of the word Philosophy? Philosophy comes from the Greek word "Philosophia" ---Philo: Love ---Sophia: Wisdom/knowledge Term 10.) What is epistemology? Definition 10.) What is epistemology? Branch of philosophy that deals with the question of truth/knowledge and justification Term 11.) What is metaphysics/ontology? Definition 11.) What is metaphysics/ontology? Branch of philosophy that deals with the human ultimate reality/being Term 12.) What is ethics? Definition 12.) What is ethics? Branch of philosophy that concerns good/bad and right/wrong Term 13.) What is political philosophy? Definition 13.) What is political philosophy? Branch of philosophy that deals with the legitimacy of government Term 14.) What is Aesthetics? Definition 14.) What is Aesthetics? Branch of philosophy that deals with beauty. Term 15.) What is Logic? Definition 15.) What is Logic? Branch of philosophy that analyzes the structure and form of arguments. Term 16.) In terms of philosophy, what is Aristotle known for? Definition 16.) In terms of philosophy, what is Aristotle known for? Aristotle was seen as a well rounded individual in terms of philosophy. He was into Ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, and logic. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com  1.) Define ethics of character. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 1.) Define ethics of character.  These types of theories tell us what kind of people we should be. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com  2.) Ethics of character is based on ____, ____, ____. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 2.) Ethics of character is based on ____, ____, ____.  Person, personality, character Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com  3.) Aritotle's golden mean falls under the category- ethics of _______ Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 3.) Aritotle's golden mean falls under the category- ethics of _______  character Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com  4.) Define ethics of conduct. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com  4.) Define ethics of conduct.  These types of theories tell us what actions or behaviors we should do. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 5.) Ethics of conduct is based on ____, ____. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com  5.) Ethics of conduct is based on ____, ____.  Actions,  behaviors. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 6.) What are the two major categories under ethics of conduct? Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 6.) What are the two major categories under ethics of conduct?  Consequentalist and non-consequentalist / deontologist Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 7.) Define consequentalist. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 7.) Define consequentalist.  Consequentialist category is concerned with the effects: the end results determine whether an actions is right or wrong. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 8.) Define non-consequentalist / deontologist Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 8.) Define non-consequentalist / deontologist  Deontologist category is concerned with intention: the intention determines whether something is ethical or unethical. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 9.) True or False, what is ethical is always lawful, and vise versa. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 9.) True or False, what is ethical is always lawful, and vise versa.  False Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 10.) Define command ethics. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 10.) Define command ethics.  Command ethics is a philisophical theory that states something is right/wrong if God/Bible says so. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 11.) Divine Command Ethics is a ____ theory and an ____ theory. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 11.) Divine Command Ethics is a ____ theory and an ____ theory.  Deontologist, Absolutist Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 12.) What is the foundation of Divine Command ethics? Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 12.) What is the foundation of Divine Command ethics?  The foundation is to obey God's words, laws, and commandments Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 13.) True or False, Divine Command Ethics can be applied to any religion Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 13.) True or False, Divine Command Ethics can be applied to any religion  True Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 14.) In Divine Command ethics, you must obey the ____ words and/or ____ words. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 14.) In Divine Command ethics, you must obey the ____ words and/or ____ words.  Bible's, God's Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 15.) Define Absolutist Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 15.) Define Absolutist  Moral laws that appy no matter where you live, when you live, or who you are. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 16.) Define Relativeness Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 16.) Define Relativeness  The good is whatever is accepted by a given community at a given time. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 17.) Name 3 problems with divine command ethics Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 17.) Name 3 problems with divine command ethics Murder problem Caprice Problem Waste of time problem Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 18.) Elaborate on the Murder problem. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 18.) Elaborate on the Murder problem. Human beings don't need a God or Bible to understand that murder is generally wrong. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com Elaborate on the Caprice problem. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com Elaborate on the Caprice problem. This theory makes God appear Capricious. No matter how crazy you must obey. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 20.) Elaborate on the waste of time problem. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 20.) Elaborate on the waste of time problem. If this theory is true, than philosophy and questioning is a total waste of time. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com These flash cards are brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com These flash cards are brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 1.) Name the five problems with divine command ethics. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com Name the five problems with divine command ethics. Murder Caprice Waste of time Existence Interpretation Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 2.) Elaborate on the existence problem. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 2.) Elaborate on the existence problem. The exist of God is doubtful to a lot of people. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 3.) Elaborate on the interpretation problem. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 3.) Elaborate on the interpretation problem. People have different interpretations of the same bible. Because the bible can be interpreted differently this makes the Bible relativist. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 4.) Aristotle's Golden mean is also known as ______ ______ Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 4.) Aristotle's Golden mean is also known as ______ ______  Virtue Ethics Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 5.) Aristotle's Golden mean is under the category of- ethics of _____ Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 5.) Aristotle's Golden mean is under the category of- ethics of _____ Character Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 6.) Define Aristotle's definition of good? Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 6.) Define Aristotle's definition of good?  Good is fulfilling your function/purpose i.e. A knife is good if the knife fulfills the function of cutting. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 7.) According to Aristotle, the function of man (human beings) is _____ / ______ / ______ Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 7.) According to Aristotle, the function of man (human beings) is _____ / ______ / ______ reason / rationality / higher thinking Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 8.) Rationality is the means by which we become _____. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 8.) Rationality is the means by which we become _____.  happy Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 9.) Name the three things that happy basically is ... Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 9.) Name the three things that happy basically is ... What is good in of itself What stops a chain of questions The final end Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 10.) True or false, happy = pleasure Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 10.) True or false, happy = pleasure  False Happy ≠ pleasure (maybe it equals 20%) Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 11.) According to Aristotle, what is happy? Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 11.) According to Aristotle, what is happy?  Happy = creating yourself into a virtuous/good person. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 12.) What is Aristotle's 3 step process to becoming happy? Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 12.) What is Aristotle's 3 step process to becoming happy?  Rationality ---> Virtue/good ---> Happiness Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 13.) What are two types of rationality Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 13.) What are two types of rationality Theoretical rationality Practical rationality Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 14.) Theoretical rationality is based upon _____ _____. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 14.) Theoretical rationality is based upon _____ _____.  Abstract thinking. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 15.) Practical rationality is based upon _____ _____. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 15.) Practical rationality is based upon _____ _____.  Everyday rationality Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 16.) According to Aristotle, practical rationality demands you apply ______ and ______ to ethics. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 16.) According to Aristotle, practical rationality demands you apply ______ and ______ to ethics. knowledge, practice Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 17.) We acquire ethical virtues by ______ / ______ Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 17.) We acquire ethical virtues by ______ / ______  habit, practice Term 18.) Virtue is a state of character _______ by habit / practice Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 18.) Virtue is a state of character _______ by habit / practice  Learned Learn, meaning your not born with it. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 19.) Aristotle uses the ______ ______ theory to define virtue. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 19.) Aristotle uses the ______ ______ theory to define virtue.  Golden Mean Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 20.) Using the Golden mean theorem, what is the middle ground between being a stingy/miserly cheap person and a selfless person Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 20.) Using the Golden mean theorem, what is the middle ground between being a stingy/miserly cheap person and a selfless person  Helpful/generous Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 21.) According to Aristotle, how do we become virtuous. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 21.) According to Aristotle, how do we become virtuous. First you reach a middle ground in your character Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 22.) Virtuesare inculcated into us by _____, _____, ____ _____, etc. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 22.) Virtuesare inculcated into us by _____, _____, ____ _____, etc.  Parents, teachers, role models Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 23.) According to Aristotle, ethics is an ___. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 23.) According to Aristotle, ethics is an ___. art Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 24.) Name the four problems with Aristotle's Golden Mean theorem Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 24.) Name the four problems with Aristotle's Golden Mean theorem  Brain washing problem Inborn problem Virtue ≠ Happiness problem Mother Theresa problem Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 25.) Elaborate on brain washing problem Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 25.) Elaborate on brain washing problem Don't you think that this over emphasis of habit and practice sounds a little to much like brain washing. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 26.) Elaborate on the inborn problem Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 26.) Elaborate on the inborn problem  Don't you think to some degree we're born good and compassionate. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 27.) Mother Theresa problem Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 27.) Mother Theresa problem  According to Aristotle's theory, Mother Theresa would not be virtuous Don't you think some extrems (i. e. Mother Theresa) are virtuous. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 28.) Define the philosophical theory "Egoism" Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 28.) Define the philosophical theory "Egoism"  The motivation behind all actions including even ethical actions, is self interest Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 29.) Egoism falls under the philosophical category of- ethics of _____. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 29.) Egoism falls under the philosophical category of- ethics of _____.  Conduct Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 30.) One philosopher that really well represents this theory is _____ _____. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 30.) One philosopher that really well represents this theory is _____ _____.  Thomas Hobbes Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 31.) Thomas Hobbes added to Egoism, his own defintion of self-interest, which is ... Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 31.) Thomas Hobbes added to Egoism, his own defintion of self-interest, which is ...  Self-interest: the belief that you will gain pleasure in either the short or long run. Term Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 32.) Hobbes's is not saying you should be an egosist, he is saying by _____ you already are an egoist. Definition Brought to you by www.MiamiManni.com 32.) Hobbes's is not saying you should be an egosist, he is saying by _____ you already are an egoist.  Nature Term 1.) Name the two problems with egoism Definition 1.) Name the two problems with egoism Mother / Child problem Cannot be falsified problem Term 2.) Elaborate on the mother / child problem Definition 2.) Elaborate on the mother / child problem  Don't you think a mother who gives up her life for her child, is not acting out of self interest Term 3.) Elaborate on the cannot be falsified problem Definition 3.) Elaborate on the cannot be falsified problem  Cannot be falsified due to all possibilities and there are limitless possibilities In science theories/hypotheses are those that could potentially be shown to be false. You can make the claim that any action is motivated by self interest, you can never falsify egoism Term 4.) Identify the two main guys concerning the Utilitarianism theory. Definition 4.) Identify the two main guys concerning the Utilitarianism theory Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill Term 5.) Jeremy Bentham's version of Utilitarianism is ______. Definition 5.) Jeremy Bentham's version of Utilitarianism is ______. ACT Utilitarianism Term 6.) John Stuart Mill's version of Utilitarianism is ______. Definition 6.) John Stuart Mill's version of Utilitarianism is ______. Rule Utilitarianism Term 7.) Bentham's foundation for Utilitarianism is ______. Definition 7.) Bentham's foundation for Utilitarianism is ______. The principle of utility Term 8.) Good = _____ = ______ Definition 8.) Good = Happiness = Pleasure Term 9.) Name the 7 criteria for mathematically calculating pleasure Definition 9.) Name the 7 criteria for mathematically calculating pleasure Intensity Duration Purity Surity Propinquity Fecundity Scope Term 10.) What's the big difference between egoism and Utilitarianism Definition 10.) What's the big difference between egoism and Utilitarianism Egoism: Yourself. Utilitarianism: Majority. Term 11.) Name 6 problems with Bentham's Act Definition 11.) Name 6 problems with Bentham's Act Unforseen consequences problem Intangible problem Human Rights problem Slavery problem "Case of Sam" thought experiment problem Quantity vs. Quality problem. Term 12.) Elaborate unforseen consequences Definition 12.) Elaborate unforseen consequences  You cannot always predict the consequences of your actions. Term 13.) Elaborate on the intangible problem. Definition 13.) Elaborate on the intangible problem.  How can you put a number on intangible human feelings. Term 14.) Elaborate on the slavery problem. Definition 14.) Elaborate on the slavery problem.  Thought experiment. 80 land owners, 20 slaves. Under this theory, something like slavery would be okay if it benefits the majority. Term 15.) Elaborate on the "Case of SAM" thought experiment Definition 15.) Elaborate on the "Case of SAM" thought experiment Don't you feel uncomfortable in order to save 5 that you have to unethically kill 1.  Term 16.) Quantity vs. Quality problem Definition 16.) Quantity vs. Quality problem  Don't you think the quality of some pleasures are more important than quantity. Term An action is right if it results in the greatest _____ for the greatest number of _____. Definition An action is right if it results in the greatest good for the greatest number of people.