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Who is Jose Serrano?

The artist who made the "Pissed Christ" Piece

What is the thesis that everything happens, occurs of necessity by a series of causes?

What is the thesis that everything happens, occurs of necessity by a series of causes?

determinism

This thesis says that not everything that occurs happens of neccessity by a series of causes. Some actions/behaviors occur by chance/free decisions.

What is this thesis?

This thesis says that not everything that occurs happens of neccessity by a series of causes. Some actions/behaviors occur by chance/free decisions.

What is this thesis?

Free will

Name 3 factors for determinism in terms of a person's actions.

Who is Albert Camus?

Albert Camus, a philosopher who said that C.P. says an eye for an eye, which is abused.

Describe the 6 Arguments Against Capital Punishment

1. The goal of C.P. is to protect society, but, isn't that the whole point of prison.
2. Capital Punishment targets minorities and poor people who cannot afford good lawyers.
3. With C.P. you run the risk of killing innocent people.
4. C.P. could be used to whipe-out "disagreeable" groups
5. C.P. does not deter
6. Albert Camus: C.P. says an eye for an eye is abused.

What are the two types of crimes, and why does capital punishment not deter these crimes.

What are the four arguments in favor of capital punishment. 

1. Our prison system is messed up (escape, kill staff,etc.). So C.P. is the most efficient way to protect society.
2. C.P. gives psychological closure to the victem's family and friends.
3. Social contract theorists: All people carry a contract. If you murder someone, you forefeit your right to live.
4. Capital punishment does deter

How do those who argue that capital punishment deters crimminals justify there claim? (2 reasons)

• States w/ C.P (Texas, Florida) have a larger number of big cities.
• C.P. does deter lesser crimminals and average people.

Give 3 types of affirmative action.

1. Quota: Set a target number of minorities for a position even if they're slightly less qualified.
2. Handicapping: Give minorities a slight boost on standardized tests (FCAT, SAT, MCAT, LSAT)
3. Preference: Of 2 equally qualified candidates, you pick the minority. Race is the tie-breaker.

In the Bakke vs University of California Medical School, what was the supreme court's two part decision?

• Quota's are unconstitutional
• Race may be considered in fostering diversity.

3 types of arguments in favor of Affirmative Action

• Backward looking: Justify A.A. as compensation for past injustice.
• Forward looking: Assume minorities are inferior in terms of educational opportunities, status and income. So, we should use A.A. to bring up their level and break the cycle of poverty for future generation.
• Handicapping: Either change the tests, or give minorities a slight boost

Give the four premises and conclusion of the handicapping argument in favor of Affirmative Action.

• Premise 1: The tests and standards used by universities are set up in such a way that minorities will not do as well. (SAT, MCAT, LSAT...)
• Premise 2: If you do not do well on these tests you won't get into the right university.
• Premise 3: The tests are written from a wasp perspective.
  • White anglo saxon protestant
  • SAT verbal section
• Premise 4: Diversity cannot be reached with these tests in place.
• Conclusion: Either change the tests, or give minorities a slight boost.

Arguments against Affirmative Action.

1. A.A. is just reverse racism. Isn't the whole point to make race irrelevant?
2. Sure, a minority may be qualified; but don't you want someone super-qualified? And, if super-qualified is white then so be it!
3. Companies sometimes hire minorities not because the like them; but, because they get government contracts and loans.
4. Why should young whites today have to pay for what their ancestors did?
5. A large number of our population came to this country in the early 1900's. They were discriminated against and they did not profit from slavery. 

What is Institutional racism?

What is Institutional racism?

Racism which is indirect. It is done through having funding of schools be reliant on local, rather than state or federal taxes.

What are reparations?

Reparations are payments made to a group of peopel forst past harms.

What is hate speech?

Hate speech is defined as epithets conventionally understood to be insulting references to characteristics such as race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, religion, and sexual preference.

What is the Atkins vs. Virginia case?

Case that determined killing mentally retarded people is unlawful.

What is the Roper vs. Simmons case?

Case that determined killing young people was unlawful.