Term
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Definition
| test, examination or procedure that can be applied rapidly to sort out apparently well people who probably have an unrecognized disease from those who probably do not |
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Term
| Ideally, what would diagnostic test require? |
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Definition
That everyone without the disease have one uniform value on the test.
That everyone with the disease have a different but uniform value on the test.
That all test results be either those of the diseased individuals or those who are disease free |
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Term
| What are the 3 factors of assessing diagnostic tests? |
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Definition
the test, the disease free population, the diseased population |
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Term
| What would ideally be a perfect test? |
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Definition
It is reproducible and accurate |
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Term
| What is reproducibility/reliability? |
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Definition
| ability to produce consistent results when independently performed and interpreted under the same conditions |
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Term
| What is accuracy/validity? |
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Definition
| ability to produce consistent results when independently performed and interpreted under the same conditions |
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Term
| What are 2 types of accuracy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is experimental accuracy? |
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Definition
| the precision of the test when applied under careful study conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| the precision of the test when applied under real, clinical conditions |
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Term
| What percent of disease-free are intentionally left out in range of values? |
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Definition
5%
Note: Due to Chance, Physiological changes unassociated with disease, Pathological changes due to disease
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Term
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Definition
| number or proportion of individuals with the disease and a positive test over all the individuals with the disease (a / (a+c)) |
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Term
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Definition
| number or proportion of individuals without the disease and a negative test over all the individuals without the disease (d / (d+b)) |
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Term
| What is positive predictive value? |
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Definition
number or proportion of individuals with a positive test who have the disease over all individuals with a positive test
a / (a+b)
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Term
| What is negative predictive value? |
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Definition
the number or proportion of individuals with a negative test who do are without the disease over all individuals with a negative test
d / (d+c) |
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Term
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Definition
estimate of the probability of disease before the test is performed.
As prevalence falls, the positive predictive value falls and the negative predictive value rises
(a+c) / (a+b+c+d)
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Term
| What are the 2 types of multiple testing of sensitivity and specificity and their effects? |
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Definition
•Paralleltesting – increases sensitivity but decreases specificity.
•Serialtesting – decreases sensitivity but increases specificity |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of biases? |
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Definition
1.Lead Time
2.Length/Time Bias
3.Patient Compliance |
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Term
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Definition
| period of time between the detection of a medical condition through a screening program and when it ordinarily would have been diagnosed because an individual experienced symptoms and sought medical care. |
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Term
| What does lead-time bias depend on? |
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Definition
The biological rate of progression of the disease AND
The ability of the screening test to detect early disease |
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Term
| A group of female patients are found to have hemoglobin values ranging from 9.0 to 14.9 g/dL with a mean of 11.94 g/dL and a standard deviation is 1.0 g/dL. The percentage of hemoglobin values that are less than minus 2 standard deviations from the mean is |
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Definition
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