Term
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Definition
| most definitive and expensive. Group is followed over time prospectively. It is possible to identify group of persons negative for a disease in the past who is followed to the present or beyond (historical cohort or retrospective cohort study). |
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Term
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Definition
| Retrospective study of persons already ill with the disease and compare their characteristics with a control group without the disease for presence or absence of certain risk factors. |
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Term
| Cross-sectional or Prevalence study |
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Definition
| - Examination of occurrence of disease or risk factor in a population at a point in time. |
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Term
| Experimental Epidemiology |
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Definition
| Planned experiments to control influence of extraneous factors among those exposed to an etiological factor (animals or volunteers). |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes the circumstances under which infection and/or disease occur in a population (prevalence, incidence, epidemic behavior, geographic, temporal distribution, age, sex, race, socioeconomic level, etc.). |
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Term
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Definition
Effect often is long lasting
Prevention of exogenously-acquired infection
Active or passive immunization
Chemoprophylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
Prevention of an endogenously acquired infection
Surgical chemoprophylaxis with antimicrobials key application
Effect is very short lasting
Alteration of body flora by antimicrobial agents |
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Term
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Definition
| Age, gender, geographic area, socio-economic status, occupation, marital status, time of occurrence, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number infected/100,000 persons at risk |
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Term
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Definition
| Incidence rate in a population during a specified time (i.e., during an outbreak) |
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Term
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Definition
| Proportion of persons in a defined population who are affected at any one time. If based on frequency at a moment in time, it is called point prevalence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of new events occurring in a given population in a unit of time. This is usually stated as cases per year per 1,000 or 100,000. |
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Term
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Definition
| The constant or usual presence of an infection or disease in a community. A high degree of endemicity is called "hyperendemic”. |
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Term
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Definition
is said to exist when an unusual number of cases of a disease
occur in a given time period and geographic area as compared to an established occurrence of the
disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
Proportion of individuals who develop infection within an appropriate
incubation period after exposure to primary case divided by number exposed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interval between exposure and appearance of the first detectable sign or symptom of illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiplication of a microorganism in a host, characteristically accompanied by an immune response. It may or may not occur with clinical illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of deaths of a specific disease divided by total number of cases X 100. |
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Term
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Definition
| Persons, animals or environmental materials where an infectious agent exists and multiplies and may serve as source of infection for other hosts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread to susceptible hosts (direct and indirect). |
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Term
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Definition
Systematic collection of data pertaining to the occurrences of specific diseases, the
analyses and interpretation of the data and the dissemination of the processed information. |
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Term
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Definition
| The graphic illustration of cases of infection or disease by day of the epidemic |
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Term
|
Definition
An infection or infectious disease transmissible under natural conditions from animals to
humans. It can be endemic (enzootic) or epidemic (epizootic). |
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