Term
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Definition
| Person in pop who has disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Standardized criteria for diagnosis of the dz |
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Term
| Primary case vs Index case |
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Definition
Primary case: First person in pop who got the dz
Index Case: First pt brought to epidemiologist
Notice possible not the same person. |
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Term
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Definition
| Those infected after the primary case |
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Term
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Definition
| Potential case since has the sx but not diagnosed since other differential dx not been r/o |
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Term
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Definition
| Object that harbors agent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| : environment (living or not) where pathogen multiplies and depends for its survival |
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Term
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Definition
| dz that can be passed from animal to human |
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Term
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Definition
| nonliving thing that connects reservoir to host |
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Term
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Definition
been exposed to pathogen and harbors it and can infect others, even after they may have recovered from it |
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Term
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Definition
| Infectious carrier but in recovery phase |
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Term
| Healthy carrier (passive carrier) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Has the dz but can only spread it in certain circumstances or times |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define indirect transmission and the three types |
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Definition
Spread through intermediate item
Airborne transmission
Vector-borne transmission
Vehicle-borne transmission |
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Term
|
Definition
Droplets or dust particles, talking or coughing |
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Term
Vector-borne transmission |
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Definition
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Term
Vehicle-borne transmission |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Human to susceptible person |
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Term
| Give the components of the chain of infection |
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Definition
| infectious agent-->reservoir-->portal of exit-->mode of transmission-->portal of entry-->susceptible host (in a circle) |
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Term
| The 3 levels of prevention |
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Definition
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary |
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Term
| Two types of primary prevention (stopping it before it happens) |
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Definition
Active: behavior change req (diet, exercise)
Passive: does not req behavior change (fluoridated water, immunizations) |
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Term
|
Definition
Screening/detecting the disease
Prevents spread |
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Term
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Definition
| Stopping progression of dz in individual (education/rehab) |
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Term
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Definition
| “Father of Epidemiology”- first clinical trial, concluded citrus prevents scurvy (1747) |
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Term
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Definition
| “Father of Immunology”- cowpox vaccine (1796) |
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Term
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Definition
| “Savior of Mothers”- handwashing in obstertrics clinics prevented puerperal fever (1847) |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the fathers of modern epideiology. Discovered source of cholera outbreak in England (1854) |
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Term
Hippocrates contribution to epidemiology |
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Definition
identified environmental and behavioral links to disease
Malaria- swamps |
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Term
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Definition
| identified vehicles of transmission as air, clothing, airect contact. Rapidly multiplying seeds cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Demographer, statistical analysis of pts during plague |
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Term
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Definition
First to identify environmental carcinogen, chimney sweeps, beginning of non-infectious epidemiology |
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Term
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Definition
| one of fathers of modern epidemiology, used to statistics to map out outbreaks, categorized deaths. Saw correlation between water sources and cholera outbreak in London. |
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Term
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Definition
| advocated for social and public health reform to address disease. Water tight pipes to prevent water contamination, bathrooms in homes with flushing toilet etc. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Susceptibility
2. Pre-symptomatic stage (incubation period)
3. Clinical dz
4. Recovery, disability or death |
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Term
| Top two chronic non-infectious disease in US |
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Definition
Heart disease
Cancer
(lung dz is distant third) |
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Term
[image]
what type of graph is this? |
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Definition
Population (or age) pyramid
More specifically: expansive |
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Term
| What type of pyramid graph is this?[image] |
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Definition
Constrictive: less young people so constricted at bottom
Low death rate and low birth rate (Europe) |
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Term
What type of pyramid is this? What does it indicate?
[image] |
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Definition
Stationary: block shaped
Indicate low fertility and low mortality rates (industrialized countries) |
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Term
| What type of pyramid graph is this? What does it indicate?[image] |
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Definition
Expansive: big base
Indicates rapid growth/high death rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Those in the workforce and those not in the workforce by age |
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Term
| Twin studies and migration studies can help examine how ____ may factor into disease |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
measurements at two or more successive periods of time
ex: Air temp at noon each day etc |
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Term
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Definition
| track a group of people exposed at same time |
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Term
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Definition
tracks duration of the epidemic
Shape can tell you about source whether at one time or continuous |
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Term
| A clustered epidemic curve indicates what type of exposure source? |
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Definition
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Term
| A gradually increasing epidemic curve with plateau then decline is indicative of what type of source? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effects are considered in time-series data? |
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Definition
Age effect: change in rate due to age
Cohort effect: change in rate due to birth year
Period effect: change in rate due to condition affecting entire pop (vaccination) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tracking quantifiable data during two or more successive periods of time |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Change in hours to months |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases and decreases over time, often predictable |
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Term
|
Definition
Medical surveillance: watching those exposed to see what early sx are to initiate isolation
Public health surveillance: monitoring everyone in a pop |
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Term
| Health indicators (give categories) |
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Definition
Health and well-being
Health resources
Social capital
Collective capacity
Resiliency
Functionality |
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Term
| Distinguish between birth rate, fertility rate and total fertility rate |
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Definition
Birth rate gives number of births in population
Fertility rate is births in population of women in child bearing years
Total fertility rate is total # of children woman can have during reproductive years (15-49 years)
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| # of maternal deaths/ # of births |
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Term
| Proportional mortality rate |
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Definition
| # of deaths from specific cause/ total deaths |
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Term
| Years of Potential Life Lost |
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Definition
| life expectancy-age of death |
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