Term
| aminoacyl tRNA synthetase |
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Definition
| attaches a specific amino acid to a tRNA |
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Term
| if the diploid number is 20, and a cell ends up with 40 chromosomes, what has happened? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does autopolyploidy generate reproductive isolation without any geographic separation? |
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Definition
| start with a 2n plant which undergoes polyploidy and ends up as a 4n plant. the 4n plant will have gametes of 2n each; if these mate with the 1n gametes of the original plant, the zygote will be 3n - which isn't viable! |
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Term
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Definition
| when an infertile hybrid has a meiosis failure that results in it being able to breed with its own kind - new species! |
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Term
| what is DNA homology and how do you do it? |
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Definition
seeing how closely related two species are by examining their DNA sequences
- form a double strand of DNA from a single strand of each of your two samples; the higher the melting point, the more closely they are related (the more strongly they bond.) |
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Term
| where does lipid digestion occur? |
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Definition
| in the lumen of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| fats globules are cut by bile salts into fatty acids; these are cute by pancreatic lipase into glycerol, fatty acids, and monoglycerides |
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Term
| liver, as part of the digestive system |
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Definition
secretes bile salts and bile pigments, which are stored in the gall bladder, and then used to emulsify lipids in the small intestine
- note: bile pigments have nothing to do with digestion! |
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Term
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Definition
| contains bicarbonate, which neutralizes the pH of the gastric juices and allows everything that needs a higher pH in gastric juice than pepsinogen to work |
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Term
| Gastrin (source, trigger, function) |
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Definition
source: a part of the stomach that is NOT the gastric gland
trigger: food in the stomach
function: enters the blood stream and travels all the way around back to the stomach, where it stimulates the secretion of pepsin and HCl |
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Term
cholecysrokinin (source, trigger, function)
gastric inhibitory peptide (source, trigger, function)
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Definition
source: both from the duodenum
trigger: both by fat entering the duodenum
function:
- cholecysrokinin: gets the gall bladder to contract and secrete bile
- gastric inhibitory peptide keeps the stomach from emptying and stimulates the secretion of insulin |
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Term
| secretin (source, trigger, function) |
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Definition
source: duodenum
trigger: acidic chyme in the duodenum
function: stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate by the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
stimulation: food in the stomach
production: not the gastric glands - a different part of the stomach!
function: exits through the bloodstream and goes all the way around into the stomach again, where it stimulates the secretion of pepsinogen and HCl |
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Term
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Definition
trigger: fat entering the duodenum
production: the duodenum
function: makes the gall bladder secrete bile, which emulsifies the fat |
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Term
| gastric inhibitory peptide |
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Definition
trigger: fat entering the duodenum
origin: the duodenum
function: keeps the stomach from emptying; stimulates insulin secretion |
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Term
| what enzyme emulsifies fat? |
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Definition
| NONE - bile salt does this! |
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Term
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Definition
trigger: acidic chyme in the duodenum
origin: the duodenum
function: stimulates secretion of bicarbonate by the pancreas |
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