Term
| Key biochemicals for Tribe Salmonellae |
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Definition
Motility: Positive
MR: Positive
VP: Negative
H2S: Positive
ONPG: Negative |
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Term
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Definition
Divides the Salmonella spp. into three groups based on the three antigens:
Somatic- Heat stable
Flagellar- Heat labile
Capsular- Heat labile |
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Term
| How is the speciation of Salmonella spp. usually performed in the lab? |
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Definition
| Combination of biochemical tests and serologic tests (especially the "o" antigen) |
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Term
| Isolates of Salmonella are usually reported as what? |
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Definition
| Salmonella spp. isolated. The samples are then usually sent to the state/reference lab for confirmation and speciation. It is a reportable disease for epidemiological purposes. |
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Term
| Salmonella spp. cause what types of human diseases? |
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Definition
| Mild, self-limiting disease to severe life threatening bacteremia. Most oubreaks occur July-October |
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Term
| Where are the reservoirs for Salmonella spp? |
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Definition
GI tract of fowl and reptiles
Human cariers
Infections usually occur s a result of ingestion of contaminated food or water |
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Term
| Gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella |
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Definition
| Large numbers of organisms (10^5-10^9) must be ingested to be pathogenic. Symptoms occur 48 hours after ingestion. Symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever. Organisms multiply in the small intestine and can be diagnosed by a stool culture. |
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Term
| Enteric fever caused by Salmonella |
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Definition
| Systemic illness characterized by high fever, headache and rash. Organisms invade the intestinal wall and travel to other sites, they then cause abscesses in other organs |
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Term
| Weekly symptom pattern observed in Enteric fever caused by Salmonella |
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Definition
Week 1: Headache, fever
Week 2: Fever greater than or equal to 104 degrees Farenheit
Week 3: Rose colored spots develop on abdomen
Week 4: Symptoms begin to decline
Organisms can be recovered: 1st in blood, then stool and then urine. |
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Term
| Carrier state of Salmonella spp. |
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Definition
Occurs in persons recovering from gastroenteritis. Occurs in every 2-5/1,000 individuals. Organisms colonize the gallbladder and the patient excretes organisms for 6 months to 1 year, patient is asymptomatic
Chronic carrier > 1 year and stool cultures will remain positive (10^6 organisms/gram stool) |
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Term
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Definition
| Humans are the only known reservoir. Transmitted by water contaminated with human feces |
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Term
| General biochemicals for the Salmonella spp. |
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Definition
Indole: Negative
Lysine decarboxylase: Positive
Ornithine decarboxylase: Positive |
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Term
| Laboratory identification and colonial morphology of Salmonella spp. |
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Definition
USually from stool
BAP: Large, wet, mucoid colonies
MAC: Clear colonies
XLD: Black or clear colonies with black centers.
Recovery of Salmonella is enhanced by the use of GN broth |
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Term
| Serological identification of Salmonella |
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Definition
Specific or polyvalent antigen to somatic "O" antigen
S. typhi has a capsulr antigen that may prevent it from reacting with "O" antisera. Boil organism for 10-15 to remove "K" antigen |
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Term
| Identification of Salmonella arizonae |
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Definition
ONPG: Positive
Dulcitol: Negative
Malonate: Positive |
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Term
| Identification of Salmonella paratyphi |
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Definition
H2S: Negative
Lysine decarboxylase: Negative |
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