Term
| What symptom has to appear in acute otitis media, without which an infection is not present? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three common microorganisms involved in acute otitis media? |
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Definition
1. strep pneumoniae
2. haemophilus influenza
3. moraxellla catarrhalis |
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Term
| What are the four antibiotics used to treat AOM? |
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Definition
1. Beta lactams
2. Macrolides
3. Sulfonamides
4. Quinolones |
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Term
| What percentage of ruptured tympanic membranes spontaneously heal on their own? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is marked by bacteria in the inner ear leading to vertigo, sweaitng, and vomiting? |
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Definition
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Term
| Complications with the temporal bone manifest in what two common conditions? |
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Definition
1. facial nerve paralysis
2. labyrinthitis |
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Term
| What is the condition marked by white plaques extending back into the middle ear? |
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Definition
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Term
| Severe pain caused by manipulation of the pinna is indicative of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pathogens are common in acute otitis externa? |
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Definition
1. staphylococcus
2. pseudomonas
3. fungi |
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Term
| What is done when swelling prevents proper debridement or delivery of ototopical medications? |
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Definition
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Term
| Malignant Otitis Externa is commonly seen in what group of patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the common location of the cholesteatoma? |
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Definition
| pars flaccida, above the lateral process |
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Term
| What is a secondary effect of atalectasis? |
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Definition
| Severe eardrum retraction leading to erosion of the ossicles- hearing loss |
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Term
| Why is multiple cranial nerve dysfunction common in malignant otitis externa? |
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Definition
| Necrotizing osteitis affecting the temporal bone / skull base affects the foramina through which CN 7-11 travel through |
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Term
| Granulation tissue in the floor of the ear canal is typically described as having what appearance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute bacterial sinusitis typically presents with what finding? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin of the antrochoanal polyp? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the morphology of the nasal polyp, traditionally speaking |
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Definition
| typically translucent or yellow |
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Term
| T or F- Pain is common with the nasal polyps |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common mode of treatment for nasal polyps? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical time frame for a viral infection of the sinus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the diagnostic triad for allergic rhinitis? |
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Definition
1. sneezing
2. tearing
3. itching |
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Term
| What three allergens are common during the spring time? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What allergens are especially common during the fall time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the appearance of the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Repeated actions of the allergic salute leads to the formation of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Allergic shiner is due to what? |
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Definition
| hypoxia and spasm of the eyelid's smaller muscles leading to venous congestion |
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Term
| What is the downside of using nasal sprays for treaing allergic rhinitis? |
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Definition
| While nasal sprays are sympathomimetics, however there the long-term use of a short-term agent will lead to rebound swelling |
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Term
| Tonsillitis is typically due to what two infectious agents? |
|
Definition
1. infectious mononucleosis
2. streptococcus pyogenes |
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Term
| If the tonsils are touching the uvula but not each other, what class of tonsillar hypertrophy would that be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the guideline for a recurrent tonsillar infection that leads to necessary removal? |
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Definition
| 6 episodes in 1 year or 3-4 episodes per year for the last two years |
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Term
| Mononucleosis is typically accompanied by what presentation in the throat? |
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Definition
| multiple cervical lymphadenopathy |
|
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Term
| What is the most important function of the larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| A biphasic stridor is a typically a sign of what? |
|
Definition
| obstruction that is located at the level of glottis, subglottis, or the proximal trachea |
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Term
| Describe the typical appearance of singer's nodules? |
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Definition
| 2 bumps/lesions on the vocal cord margin- 1 will be the primary nodule, the other is a compensatory nodule |
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Term
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Definition
| Stridor is an abnormal, high-pitched sound produced by turbulent airflow through a partially obstructed airway at the level of the supraglottis, glottis, subglottis, and/or trachea |
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Term
| Laryngeal papillomas will often produce what type of stridor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the classic symptom triad? |
|
Definition
| hoarseness, sore throat, and otalgia (sensory branch of the vagus nerve extends into the middle ear) |
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Term
| Where is a branchial cleft typically located? |
|
Definition
| anterior edge of the sternoclidomastoid muscle |
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