Term
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Definition
S/sx: conductive hearing loss. Exam shows cerum in canal.
Tx: 3% H2O2 or irrigation only if TM is intact. Remove only if symptomatic- hearing loss, ear pain, fever, facial paralysis. If asymptomatic, leave since cerumen has a purpose.
Removal: curettes, lavage, cerumenolytics, suction. |
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Term
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Definition
| More common in children. Firm materials may be removed w/ loop or hook. Aqueous irrigation shouldn't be performed for organic bodies because they will swell. Live insects should be immobilized w/ lidocaine before removal. |
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Term
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Definition
obstruction (cerumen), middle ear effusion, stiffness effect (otosclerosis), discontinuity (ossicular disruption), transient auditory tube dysfxn associated w/ URI. Persistant usually due to chronic ear infection, trauma or otosclerosis.
Weber test shows lateralizatoin to impaired ear. and Rinne shows BC=AC or BC>AC. |
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Term
| Sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
| Sensory results from deterioration of chochla usually due to loss of hair cells fromt he organ of Corti. Presbyacusis (age related) is common. Also noise exposure, head trauma, DM. Neural loss occurs w/ lesions involving CN VIII, auditory nuclei, ascending tracts or auditory cortex: neuroma, MS, cerebrovascual dz. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perception of abnormal ear or head noises. OFten assoc w/ conductive hearing loss. May indicate vascualr abnormality: glomus tumor, carotid vaso-occllusive dz, AV malformation or aneurysm. |
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Term
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Definition
S/Sx: otalgia, pruritis, purulent d/c. Often a hx of recent H2O exposure or mech trauma. Commonly G- rods Pseudomonas, Proteus or fungi (aspergillus). Exam shows erythema and edema of ear canal skin and pain w/ manipulatin of auricle. TM is mobile.
Tx: irrigate w/ H2O2 or vinegar. Dry canal. ABX: cipro, cortisporin. Otic drops of aminoglycoside abx and steroid ONLY if TM is intact. |
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Term
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Definition
50-60% mortality w/o abx. Spread of infection to soft tissue, bone. At risk pt: DM and immonocompromised.
S/sx: persistant foul d/c, granulations, deep pain. PE shows otorrhea, edema, necrosis.
Tx: IV abx |
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Term
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Definition
bacterial infection precipitated by viral URI. S/sx: pain, aural pressure, decreased hearing, +/- fever. PE shows erythema, Bulging TM with decreased mobility, mastoid tenderness.
Tx: abx w/ nasal decongestant. Amox, sulfa, augmentin for resistance |
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Term
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Definition
Evolves following several weeks of inadequately tx'd AOM
S/Sx: posauricular pain, erythema, fever. X-ray shows coalescence of mastoid air cells.
Tx: IV abx, mastoidectomy |
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Term
| Acute and serous otitis media |
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Definition
when auditory tube remains blocked pressure results in transudation of fluid most common in kids due to narrow, horizantal tubes.
S/Sx: usually follows URI or barotrauma. TM is dull and hypomobile, air bubbles and conductive hearing loss.
Tx: oral corticosteroids, oral abx |
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Term
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Definition
S/Sx: purulent d/c, TM often perforated, pain uncommon. Conductive hearing loss.
Tx: regular removal of debris, ear plugs for prevention of H2O exposure, topical abx drops for exacerbations. |
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Term
| Otitis media pathogens, abx tx and referral |
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Definition
Strep pneumonea, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pyogenes.
Amox, E'mycin, sulfonamide. Resistant cases use cefaclor or amoxicillin-clavulanate.
Refer pt's w/ complications (mastoiditis, petrous apicitis, facial paralysis) or chronic cases |
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Term
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Definition
Sensation of motion when there is no motion or exaggerated sense of movement. Peripheral: onset sudden w/ tinnitus, hearing loss and horizantal nystagmus.
Central: gradual onset, vertical nystagmus.
Exam: romberg, gait |
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Term
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Definition
distention of endolymphatic compartment of inner ear.
S/sx: episodic vertigo 1-8hr; low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss; tinnutus low-tone; sensation of aural pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
paroxysmal single attack of vertigo w/o accompanying impairment of hearing.
S/Sx: nystagmus, vertigo may persist for days to weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| Central lesion that becomes disabling. |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to free-floating otoconia w/in wemicirular canal. Transient vertigo following changes in head position lasting 10-60 sec. Occurs in clusters lasting several days. Tx is Pt. |
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Term
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Definition
| position receptors in facets of c-spine dysfxn. Vertigo triggered by neck movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| labyrinthine concussion most common. Sx diminish w/in days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leakage of perilymphatic fluid from inner ear to tympanic cavity via round or oval window resulting from injury, barotrauma or vigorous valsalva |
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Term
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Definition
cause: rhinovirus, adenovirus, strep, H flu, Staph
S/sx: HA, nasal congestion, watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, malaise.
Tx: degongestants |
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Term
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Definition
cause: allergens.
s/sx: eye irritation, turbinates pale or violaceous, +/- nasal polyps.
Tx: antihistimines |
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Term
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Definition
cause: use of nasal spray >3d.
s/sx: rebound congestion often worse tahn original complaint.
Tx: complete cessatoin of sprays |
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Term
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Definition
cause: dz that swell mucous membrain causing mucociliary obstruction. Strep, H flu
S/Sxx: 1-4wk of secretion from green to yellow, PND, HA, cough
Tx: decongestants. Abx if s/s over 10-14d or severe (fever, facial pain, swelling) |
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Term
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Definition
S/sx: gradual onset of rhinorrhea, cough, diarrhea. May have fever (adenovirus, HSV), pharyngeal vesicles (coxsackie), tonsilar enlargement and exudate (EBV).
Tx: fluids, tylenol, rest |
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Term
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Definition
S/sx: gradual onset of rhinorrhea, cough, diarrhea. May have fever (adenovirus, HSV), pharyngeal vesicles (coxsackie), tonsilar enlargement and exudate (EBV).
Tx: fluids, tylenol, rest |
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Term
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Definition
usually GABS. Fever, pharyngotonsilar exudate, anterior cervical adenopathy, no cough.
Tx: PCN IM or PO |
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Term
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Definition
s/sx: lymphadenopathy, shagy white-purple tonsilar exudate, hepatosplenomegaly. 1/3 have secondary streptococcal tonsilitis.
Tx: supportive |
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