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| Was a provincial appellate court in Ancien Régime France. In 1789 there were 13 parlements, the most important of which was by far the Parlement of Paris. |
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| A person who performs duties for others, especially a person employed in a house on domestic duties or as a personal attendant |
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| The crime of killing a child within a year of birth |
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| When a child's parents could not marry, as when one or both were already married or when the relationship was incestuous. |
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| An infant that has been abandoned by its parents and is discovered and cared for by others. |
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| An institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for sick or injured people |
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| Land that has undergone plowing and harrowing and has been left unseeded for one or more growing seasons. |
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| Was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. |
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| Was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and known as the "Father of Classical Liberalism". |
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| Was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state. |
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| Was a French philosopher, art critic and writer. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment and is best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. |
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| Was a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and key Scottish Enlightenment figure. |
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| Generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment. |
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| Was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological, and educational thought. |
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| Was an eighteenth-century English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. |
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| Was an influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era. |
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| Was the third Hohenzollern king, reigning over the Kingdom of Prussia from 1740 until 1786 |
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| Was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 9 July [O.S. 28 June] 1762 until her death in 1796 at the age of 67. |
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| Was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, and was the brother of Marie Antoinette. |
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| Was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. |
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| The capital and most populous city of France. Situated on the Seine River, in the north of the country, it is in the centre of the Île-de-France region, also known as the région parisienne. |
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| A country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. |
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| Also known as Danzig Corridor, Corridor to the Sea or Gdańsk Corridor, was a territory located in the region of Pomerelia (Pomeranian Voivodeship, eastern Pomerania, formerly part of West Prussia), which provided the Second Republic of Poland (1920–1939) with access to the Baltic Sea, thus dividing the bulk of Germany from the province of East Prussia. |
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| An absence of preconceived ideas or predetermined goals; a clean slate |
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| Were the intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues. |
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| A fraternal organisation that traces its origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of masons and their interaction with authorities and clients. |
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| A cafe or other place where coffee is served, sometimes also offering informal entertainment |
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| Belief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe. |
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| A term used by Adam Smith to describe his belief that individuals seeking their economic self-interest actually benefit society more than they would if they tried to benefit society directly. |
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| A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. |
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| A gathering of people under the roof of an inspiring host, held partly to amuse one another and partly to refine the taste and increase the knowledge of the participants through conversation. |
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| Characterized by an elaborately ornamental late baroque style of decoration prevalent in 18th-century Continental Europe, with asymmetrical patterns involving motifs and scrollwork. |
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| The revival of a classical style or treatment in art, literature, architecture, or music |
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| Enlightened Absolutism (Despotism) |
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| A form of absolute monarchy or despotism inspired by the Enlightenment. Enlightened monarchs especially embraced its emphasis upon rationality. |
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| Was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that fundamental concepts structure human experience, and that reason is the source of morality |
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| Was a Scottish historian, philosopher, economist, diplomat and essayist known today especially for his radical philosophical empiricism and scepticism. |
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| Was an English historian and Member of Parliament. His most important work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788. |
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| Was a Dutch philosopher. The breadth and importance of Spinoza's work was not fully realized until many years after his death. |
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| Was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, politician and one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers. |
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| Was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the periods of Enlightenment, Sturm und Drang, and Weimar Classicism. |
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| Was an 18th-century English poet, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. |
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| The capital and the largest city of Portugal. It is the westernmost large city located in continental Europe, as well as its westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coas |
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| Embodies all forms of printed text and other printed forms of visual communication. |
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| Views prevalent among the general public |
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| Occurred in the Kingdom of Portugal on Saturday, 1 November 1755, the holiday of All Saints' Day, at around 09:40 local time. |
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| One who is optimistic regardless of the circumstances. adjective: Blindly or unreasonably optimistic. ETYMOLOGY: After Dr. Pangloss, a philosopher and tutor in Voltaire's 1759 satire Candide. |
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| An economic theory developed by a group of 18th century enlightened French economists who believed that the wealth of nations was derived solely from the value of "land agriculture" or "land development" and that agricultural products should be highly priced |
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| Separation of powers. 2 : the principle that sovereignty should be divided between the federal government and the states especially as expressed by the Constitution of the U.S. |
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| Counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups. |
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| Were a series of three partitions that took place towards the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years. |
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| Values of the Enlightenment |
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| It was promoted by philosophes and local thinkers in urban coffeehouses, salons and masonic lodges. |
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