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| founder of small pox vaccine |
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| A astronomer who made improvements to the telescope, found out Jupiter had four moons, and that the sun had dark spots.He supported Copernicus’s theories |
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| a mathematician who discovered that the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits |
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| creator of the Celsius thermometer scale |
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| developed analytical geometry that linked alegrbra and geometry. He thought we should approach gaining knowledge by math and logic. He believes that everything should be doubted until proven with reason |
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| a doctor who’s writings doctors accepted as fact, but Galen had never dissected a human before, only pigs and other animals, which he assumed were the same. |
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| A english statesman and writer who though that scientist should experiment and then draw conclusions, also believes that scientist needed to reject old ideas |
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| English scientist who discovered the law of universal gravity, He thought that all things were attracted to each other and that the degree of attraction was based on the objects mass and the distance between. |
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| pioneer of the use of the scientific method in chemistry, challenged Aristotles idea that the earth was made of four elements, he instead thought that matter was made up of different particles that joined together in different ways. He also contributed to Boyle’s law which explains how pressure of gas, volume, temperature affect eachother. |
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| A Danish astronomer who carefully recorded the movements of the planets for years. He had a lot of data from all his observations but after his death he left all the work for his followers to make sense of them. One his followers was Kepler. |
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| Fracois Marie Arouet fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religions belief and freedom of speech. Famous quote: “I do not agree with a word you may say but will defend to the death for your right to say it” |
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| a very well educated woman who translated Newton’s from Latin to French. |
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| believed people could learn from experience and improve themselves. He criticized monarchy and favored self-government. |
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| published a vindication of the Rights of women. Stood up for women’s rights. |
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| devoted himself to political liberty. Believed Britain was the best-governed and most politically balanced country in his day, He came up with the idea of the separation of powers. |
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| said people were by nature selfish and ambitious in his political theory “Leviathan”. He believes in absolute monarchy. |
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| committed to individual. He disagreed with many other Enlightenment thinkers; He argues that civilization corrupted people’s natural goodness. Famous quote: “Man is born free but everywhere in chains”. He also believed everyone was born equal. He inspired leader of the French revolutions, who over through their monarchy. |
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| believes laws existed to preserve social order, not avenge crimes. Regularly criticized common abuses of justice, believed capital punishment should be abolished based his ideas that governments should seek the greatest good for the greatest number of people. His ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and North America. |
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| the most radical reformer. He introduced legal reforms and freedom of the press to Austria. He supported freedom of worship and abolished serfdom, which angered the nobles, so after his death they changed it. |
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| the ruler most admired by the philsophes. She exchanged letters with Voltaire. She wanted to abolish serfdom; allow religious toleration; abolish torture; and Capital punishment. None of these worked out mainly because of the major serf uprising, where she gave nobles complete power. |
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| the king of Prussia from 1740-1786. He granted religious freedom, reduced censorship, improves education, reformed the justice system and abolished torture. He believed serfdom was wrong. |
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| author of Pamela (first English novel) |
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| A classical Austrian composer who was called “The father of the symphony” |
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| an Austria composer who was a child prodigy. |
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| German composer and pianist who composed the famous song Ode to Joy |
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| French hostess of salons who helped fiancé Denis Diderot’s Encyclopedia. |
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| the author of the Declaration of Independence, founder of the University of Virginia. He supported free speech, religious freedom, and other civil liberties but he owned slaves 3rd president. |
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| the first in a series of tax measures infiltrated by King George in 1765. It was passes to raise money to keep more British in America. |
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| agreement among members of society to create a government that will respond to people’s will. It was written by Rousseau to advocate democracy. |
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| The Declaration of Independence |
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| based on the ideas of John Locke and Enlightenment; reflected the ideas for natural rights. |
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| Sequence in the scientific process/method |
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| o Ask a Question o Do Background Research o Construct a Hypothesis o Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment o Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion o Communicate Your Results |
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| A Dutch eyeglasses maker who is credited to contributing to the invention of the telescope. |
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| the first ever microbiologist. |
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