Term
| What was an enlightened despot? |
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Definition
| Absolute ruler that ruled by Enlightenment ideals |
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Term
| What were some ideas in the enlightenment that influenced the enlightened despots? |
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Definition
1) Religious toleration
2) Legal Reforms
3) More access to education
4) Reduction or torture/death penalty
5) Equality and potential of mankind (rights/advanced) |
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Term
| Who was son of Frederick William I who used a strong military philosophy? |
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Definition
| Frederick the Great (aka Frederick II) |
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Term
| What was the cause of the War of Austrian Succession? |
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Definition
| Frederick invaded and took control of Silesia which was in the Hapsburg empire |
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Term
By capturing Silesia, what did Frederick II violate?
Who was in charge of Austria and the Hapsburg Empire at the time? |
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Definition
1) Pragmatic Sanction
2) Maria Theresa |
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Term
| What was established in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle? |
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Definition
| Prussia gets Silesia making Prussia recognized as 1 of Europe's Great powers. |
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Term
What was the cause of the Seven Years War?
Who allied with Austria and Why? |
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Definition
1) Maria Theresa wanted to get Silesia back from Prussia
2) France and Russia because they wanted more territories and Prussia was growing too big. |
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Term
What was ironic about France allying with Austira?
Who also comes into the war supporting Prussia and Why? |
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Definition
1) They were enemies before
2) Britain because they don't want France to get more land and grow bigger, and the didn't like France (100 Years War) |
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Term
| At the same time during the Seven Years War, who else was fighting in North America? |
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Definition
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Term
How was the battle turning out for Prussia in the Seven Years War?
What gives Prussia a BIG relief during the war? |
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Definition
1)Not great because it was outnumbered 15 to 1, and Russia even got Berlin captured/partially destroyed
2) Russia pulls out when Peter III becomes tsar because he admired Frederick |
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Term
What was the most important treaty in the 18th century since the Treaty of Westphalia?
What was established in it? |
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Definition
1) Treaty of Paris
2) Prussia retained Silesia and France lost all of its colonies in North America to Britian |
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Term
What did Frederick II see himself as?
After seeing all the destruction of war, Frederick II wanted to?
T/F. The peasantry benefited from this. |
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Definition
1) first servant of the state
2) help improve society
3) False |
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Term
| T/F. Frederick II gave religious toleration to the Catholics, Muslims, and Jews. |
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Definition
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Term
Frederick II systemized laws by making most of the laws into?
What became an important part of deciding court cases quickly? |
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Definition
1) A clear unified national code of law
2) Judicial System |
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Term
| What did Frederick II do for the serfs? Why? |
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Definition
| Freed them and had physical punishment abolished for them because he needed peasants for his army. |
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Term
How did Frederick II improve the state bureacracy?
With the exception of the army, he also abolished ______. |
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Definition
1) required exams for civil servants (instead of just birth)
2) capital punishment |
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Term
What did Maria Theresa do for the serfs?
This resulted in the weakening of the ______.
Since the peasants weren't taxed as much, who got taxed more? |
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Definition
1) reduced power of lords over serfs and had some of them freed and had them not pay as much
2) Nobility
3) Nobles |
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Term
| T/F. Maria Theresa didn't help the serfs more than Frederick II. |
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Definition
| False, besides her son, she was the one that did the most to help them than any ruler |
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Term
| Why did Maria Theresa bring the Catholic Church under her control? |
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Definition
1) Lower Pope's influence
2) Suppress the Jesuits |
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Term
| What were two traits of Maria Theresa that could have not made her an Enlightened Despot? |
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Definition
1) not a fan of the Enlightenment
2) opposed religious toleration |
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Term
Who co-ruled with Maria Theresa and was known for his reforms and emphasis on Enlightenment?
He was a firm believer in _______ism. |
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Definition
1) Joseph II
2) absolutism |
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Term
What did Joseph II do about Serfdom?
About the press?
What did he do about the judicial system? |
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Definition
1) Abolished it and feudal dues
2) Freedom of press
3) make it equal for ALL citizens |
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Term
Since he didn't like punishment too much, he abolished? (Beccaria)
What did he do about education?
What did he establish for medicine? (place for people to get better) |
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Definition
1) death penalty and torture
2) expanded schools
3) Hospitals |
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Term
| Who was probably one of the least "enlightened" reformers and of German descent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Catherine is known for suspiciously being apart of what? |
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Definition
| Her husband, Peter III's death, because she was next in line for the throne |
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Term
Who started the Pugachev Rebellion?
This person was a _______. |
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Definition
1) Eugene Pugachev
2) Cossack |
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Term
What did Eugene Pugachev want to end?
The war was against which two classes?
Which side did Catherine support? |
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Definition
1) serfdom, taxes, army services
2) nobles and peasants
3) Nobility |
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Term
| What did Catherine the Great do for the nobles? |
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Definition
| Gave them absolute control over the serfs. (worsened their conditions before this started) |
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Term
In terms of education, what did Catherine the Great do?
The practice of torturing was stopped which is like which enlightened philosopher?
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Definition
1) More books published
2) Beccaria |
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Term
| Since Old Believers and Jews recieved more protection, this shows that Catherine the Great has? |
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Definition
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Term
Which country's land did Catherine partake in?
What caused this country to not do anything? |
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Definition
1) Poland
2) Poland liberum veto |
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Term
After Catherine's reign, who benefited?
Who didn't benefit? |
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Definition
1) Nobles/State
2) Peasants (controlled by serfs) |
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