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| the weak, plastic zone of the earth's interior upon which rigid tectonic plates ride |
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| the igneous rock texture with small crystals not detectable by the eye |
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| the process whereby water with dissolved constituents moves through permeable sediment and precipitates out minerals that bind with the sediment to create rock |
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| the process whereby water is released from permeable sediment, grains rearrange, and pore space changes as a step in the process to turn sediment into rock |
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Definition
the indian subcontinent Eurasia tectonic plate boundary
mountains |
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Definition
electron shells not filled
ions shared
weaker than covalent |
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| tectonic plate boundary with volcanoes |
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| a sedimentary rock that is troublesome to engineering structures such as dams, highwasy and tunnels because the mineral will alter to gypsum in the presence of water |
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| causes problems because of rapid weathering |
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| T/F: quartzite is less expensive to process than most rocks because of its cleavage |
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| T/F: foliated rocks possess prominent directional properties, thereby required special consideration for construction projects? |
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Definition
| in undisturbed layered rocks, the older rocks are always on the bottom |
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| when founding buildings in carbonate rocks, what geologic features related to this type of rock migh an engineering want to be aware of at a site? |
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Definition
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| medium-grained dolomitic limestone |
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Definition
| would serve as the best concrete aggregate rock |
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| the process of sediment altering into rock |
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Definition
| crystallize from magma well below the earth's surface |
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| higher material costs associated with greater equpiment wear (crushers, shovels, grading equipment, etc) would be expected at a quarry for quartzite |
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Definition
| sediment grain size in a stream |
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what mineral would be least resistant to abrasion if used as a highway road base?
a)quartzite b)limestone c)marble d)hornfels e)gypsum |
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Definition
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| finely crystalline granite |
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Definition
| intrusive igneous rocks that typically exhibit the greatest strength |
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| T/F: regional metamorphism (mtn ranges) is the type of metamorphism that occurs in regions proximal to magma bodies emplaced in country rock |
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Definition
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| mantle rocks may melt due to: |
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Definition
- decrease in pressure
- addition of water
- an increase in temperature
- ALL OF THE ABOVE |
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| what type of boundaries experience frequent earthquake activity? |
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Definition
- convergent plate boundaries
- divergent plate boundaries |
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| what minerals may cause swelling problems? |
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Definition
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| describe the property of mineral cleavage |
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Definition
- ability of a mineral to break along smooth, parallel planes
- directions of weakness in atomic arrangement and bonds
- parallel breaks that occur in one or more directions
-ALL OF THE ABOVE |
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| T/F: because radioactive elements are unstable adn decay over time to stable daughter products, Earth's supply of radioactive isotopes will eventually deplete |
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Definition
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| a dimensionless number that expresses the ratio between mass of a mineral and that of an equal volume of water |
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| the most common group of minerals in the earth's crust incorporates the most abundant elements found in the crust |
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Definition
| the most ancient geologic era |
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Definition
| the mineral that causes problems of staining, acid generation, and sulfate ion production when present in material used for concrete |
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