Term
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Definition
| energy intake and energy expenditure |
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Term
| energy intake= energy expenditure |
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Definition
| energy balance, weight is stable |
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Term
| energy intake> expenditure |
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Definition
positive energy balance
weight increase |
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Term
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Definition
negative energy balance
weight decrease |
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Term
positive energy blance elevates - stimulating -
negative energy balance means - stimulated - |
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Definition
insulin lipogenesis
insulin lipolysis |
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Term
| fat mass (adipocity) is determined by combo of |
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Definition
| number and size of adipocutes making up tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| during negative energy balance adipocytes |
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Definition
| decrease in size, number stays the same |
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Term
| physical cues that initiate and terminate eating |
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Definition
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Term
| psycholgical stimuli that override hunger and staiety referred to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| eating in response to hunger and stopping when full |
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Term
| hunger and satiety could be turned off in rats by |
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Definition
| stimulating different parts of brain |
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Term
| part of brain reg food intake |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate hunger and weight gain by increasing hunger and decreasing energy expenditure |
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Term
| neural signals to hypothalamus |
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Definition
| gastric stretching signals satiety (release catabolic neuropeptide) |
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Term
| Hormonal signals to hypothalamus |
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Definition
CCK- satiety
Ghrelin- hunger |
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Term
| concentratiosn of nutrients in blood to hypothalamus |
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Definition
low glucose- hunger
elevated glucose, FA, AA, satiety |
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Term
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Definition
| limits amount of food held in stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| limits food intake, amount digested, and absorbed |
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Term
| 3 components of total energy expenditure |
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Definition
Basal metabolism- needed for bodily functions
Energy needs for physical activities
Energy to process food |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
basal metabolism rate
energy expended/hour |
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Term
| primary factors effecting BMR |
|
Definition
body comp
weight/height
Age
SSex
thyroid functino
food restriction |
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Term
| after age __ BMR decrease __% every 10 years |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
overweight= excess weight for height
obese- too much fat |
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Term
| BMI is -- with adiposity and wieght related morbidity and mortality |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| unfit-normal BMI but high levels of body fat or high BMI with low BF |
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Term
| ppl who are moderately overweight but have high fitness tend to |
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Definition
| live longer than not overweight but low fitness |
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Term
| strongest predictor of weight related morbidity-mortality |
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Definition
abdominal fat
Central (visceral ) adiposity |
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|
Term
Visceral Adipose tissue is -- different from subcutaneous adipose tissue
VAT is associated with -- collectively known as |
|
Definition
metaboliicaly
insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose, elevated blood lipids, hypertension
metabolic syndrome |
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Term
| Metabolic syndrome increases risk for |
|
Definition
type 2 diabetes
heart disease
dementia |
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Term
|
Definition
| measuring waist circumferance |
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Term
| factors for accumulating VAT |
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Definition
genetics
gender(more in males)
Hormonal imbalance
-menopause, polycistic ovary syndrome |
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Term
| factors contributing to obesity epidemic |
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Definition
abundance of energy dense food
too little exercise |
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Term
|
Definition
| could there be something in the lean mouse that could make the obese mouse lose weight |
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Term
| When lean and obese mouse were joined by parabiosis: |
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Definition
lean mouse lost weight and starved to death
no weight change in obese mouse |
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Term
| when obese mouse joined with diabetic |
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Definition
ob lost weight
db didnt change |
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Term
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Definition
db increased weight
lean mouse starved |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| couldn't "hear" the satiety signal |
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Term
|
Definition
| gene in adipose tissue encodes for leptin hormone |
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Term
| leptin, the satiety signal is made by - meaning more - the more - |
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Definition
adipose tissue
adipose tissue more leptin |
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Term
| when ob mouse injected with leptin: |
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Definition
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Term
| when db mouse injected with leptin |
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Definition
| no change bc they lack leptin receptor s |
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Term
| summary of negative energy balance |
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Definition
less leptin reaches brain
anabolic neuropeptides are released and catabolic neuropeptides are suppressed. Favors increased food intake and decrease energy expeded and weight gain |
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Term
| summary of positive energy balance |
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Definition
| more leptin reaches brain, catabolic neuropeptide are released, anabolic are supressed, facors decreaed food intake, increase energy expended, and weight loss |
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