Term
|
Definition
If conscious:
10-15 g carbohydrate
Glucose tablets or gel
4oz juice
If unconscious with iv access:
1\2 to 1 amp D50
Consider 5% or 10% dextrose in water infusion
If unconscious without iv access:
Give glucagon 0.5-1mg IM |
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Term
Osmolality
Definition
Normal range with explanation
Calculation |
|
Definition
Definition: the measure of solute concentration; the number of osmoles per liter of solution (mOsm/L)
Range: 275-295 mOsm/L [<275=dilute. >295=dry]
Calculation:
(2xNa) + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8 |
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|
Term
iv fluid tonicity & osmolality
NS. D5 0.2 NS. 0.45 NS
LR. D5 1\2 NS. D5W
D5 LR
D10
2%,3%,5%,23.4% saline |
|
Definition
Isotonic. Hypersonic. Hypotonic
NS. D5 0.2 NS. 0.45 NS
LR. D5 1\2 NS. D5W
D5 LR
D10
2%,3%,5%,23.4% saline |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Drives glucose,K & H2OO into cells
Regular: (iv) onset 5-10 min
(SQ) onset 30 min
Peak 1-3 hrs
Effects last 6-8 hrs
**if treating DKA & HHS replace volume 1st |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Defect in insulin secretion, action or both. FBS >126mg/do A1C >6.5%
Type 1: beta cell destruction resulting in absolute insulin deficiency
Type 2: secretory defect; resistance resulting in relative insulin deficiency
Gestational: due to pregnancy
"Other": genetic, medication induced, virus |
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|
Term
Type. Onset. Peak. Duration
Reg.
Lispro.
Glargine.
NPH.
Lente.
Ultra Lente |
|
Definition
Type. Onset. Peak. Duration
Reg. 30min. 1-3h. 6-8h
Lispro. 15min. 0.5-2.5h.
Glargine. 70min. None. 24h
NPH. 2h. 4-12h. 18-26h
Lente. 2-4h. 6-12h. 18-26h
Ultra Lente4-8h. 10-30h. >36h |
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|
Term
Hgb A1C
What it does
Normal range
Limitations |
|
Definition
Measure of glucose bound to hemoglobin
Estimates effectiveness of DM therapy
Norm 4-5% (non-diabetic)
@6-7% BG ave range 100-150mg/do
>7% indicates poorly controlled glucose levels
Limitations:
African Americans have greater glucagon
Unk if same cut-off points for children
Anemia skews results |
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|
Term
Metabolic syndrome
Prevalence
Diagnostic features |
|
Definition
Est 25% of US population with 40% incidence at age >60
Any 2 of the following:
Trig>150mg/do
HDL< 40 in males, <50 in females
Bp >130 sys or >85 dia
FBG >100 or diagnosed type 2
Waist circumference >40in men, >35in women |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha: glucagon stored in liver
Beta: insulin
Delta: somatostatin (regulates TSH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stress. Dim insulin osmotic. Glyco
Infection. Incr. Gluc. Diuresis. Urea
Medications H2O loss. Dehyd.
Diet. Elyte
Imbal. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hypoglycemia value in serum glucose
Importance
Precautions |
|
Definition
<70mg/dL
Higher mortality
Increases SNS activity
Identify cause
CV symptoms appear first then nervous system symptoms
Beta blockers blunt signs and symptoms
Check glucose often with beta blockers |
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Term
|
Definition
Too much insulin
N/V
Interrupted oral, TF or parenteral
Strenuous activity
Excessive ETOH
Adrenal insufficiency
Severe liver disease (alpha cells stim glucagon to release glucose from liver)
Pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CV (initial symptoms):
Palpitation |
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