Term
All of the following are true of the adrenal medulla except....
A) some cells of the adrenal medulla secrete epinephrine.
B) some cells of the adrenal medulla secrete norepinephrine.
C) the adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion.
D) the systemic effects of the adrenal medulla are immediate.
E) there are no exceptions; all of the above are true. |
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Definition
| D) they systemic effects of the adrenal medulla are immediate. |
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Term
Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone could result in...
A) a depressed immune system.
B) increased sweating.
C) profuse urination.
D) muscle spasms.
E) all of teh above. |
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Definition
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Term
Hypothalamic centers regulate nervous and endocrine system activites by...
A) secreting regulatory hormones to control pituitary gland activities.
B) acting as an endocrine organ, releasing ADH and oxytocin.
C) direct control over endocrine cells.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
Changes in the composition of extracellular fluid are called...
A) endocrine reflexes.
B) hormonal stimuli.
C) neural stimuli.
D) humoral stimuli.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
The adenohypophysis can divided into three regions...
A) pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia.
B) supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, and paraventricular nuclei.
C) neurohypophysis, infundibulum, and adenohypophysis.
D) adenohypophysis, hypophyseal portal, and neurohypophysis.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
| A) pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia. |
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Term
Which hormone stimulates egg development and the secretion of estrogens by ovarian cells?
A) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B) oxytocin (OT)
C) luteinizing hormone (LH)
D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
E) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Term
Hormones released into the interstitial fluid by the anterior pituitary enter the circulation easily because...
A) they are brought through the choroid plexus by active transport.
B) a strong countercurrent mechanism maintains a concentration gradient taht draws them in.
C) they pass easily through the infundibulum.
D) the adjacent capillaries are fenestrated to permit passage of large molecules into the circulation.
E) of none of the above. |
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Definition
| D) the adjacent capillaries are fenestrated to permit passage of large molecules into the ciculation. |
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Term
The only hormone to target all cells to some degree is...
A) insulin.
B) luteinizing hormone (LH).
C) growth hormone (GH).
D) thyroid hormone.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causes the release of...
A) growth hormone by the pituitary.
B) steroids by the adrenal cortex.
C) gonadotropins by the testes.
D) thyroid hormones by the pituitary.
E) hypothalamic releasing hormones. |
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Definition
| B) steroids by the adrenal cortex. |
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Term
ADH is manufactured by the...
A) supra chiasmatic nucleus.
B) anterior pituitary.
C) posterior pituitary.
D) supraoptic nucleus.
E) paraventricular nucleus. |
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Definition
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Term
Which hormone decreases the concentration of calcium ions in body fuilds?
A) parathyroid hormone.
B) calcitonin
C) thymosin
D) thyroxin
E) triiodothyronine |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following does not apply to C cells?
A) They lie among the cuboidal follicle cells in the thyroid gland.
B) Their secretions assist the function of parathyroid hormone.
C) These cells do not stain as clearly as do the follicular cells.
D) They are larger than the cells of the follicular epithelium.
E) They produce the hormone calcitonin. |
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Definition
| B) Their secretions assist the function of parathyroid hormone. |
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Term
The hypophyseal portal system allows...
A) the blood-brain barrier to include the pituitary gland.
B) wastes from the brain to stimulate the pituitary.
C) regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
D) blood from the brain to drain to the internal jugular vein.
E) all of the above. |
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Definition
| C) regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. |
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Term
The thyroid gland is located just anterior to the...
A) spinal column.
B) esophagus.
C) trachea.
D) larynx.
E) heart. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following does not apply to the structure of the adrenal cortex?
A) It consists of three different layers.
B) Each zone synthesizes different steroid hormones.
C) If one zone is damaged, the others can take over its functions.
D) It is yellow in color because of the presence of stored lipids.
E) There are no exceptions; all of the above are true. |
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Definition
| C) If one zone is damaged, the others can take over its functions. |
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Term
The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the...
A) isthmus.
B) medulla.
C) thyroid chiasm.
D) infundibulum.
E) cortex. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following hormones contains iodine in its structure?
A) erythropoietin
B) triiodothyronine
C) thyroxine
D) angiotensin I
E) both B and C |
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Definition
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Term
Myxedema and cretinsim can result from the underproduction of...
A) estrogens.
B) insulin.
C) androgens.
D) thyroxine.
E) thymosin. |
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Definition
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Term
The zona glosmerulosa is so named because its glandular cells are arranged as...
A) a highly branched system.
B) tight clusters of cells.
C) individual cells surrounded by matrix.
D) longitudinal cords.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
| B) tight clusters of cells. |
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Term
Which of the following is (are) a mineralocorticoid?
A) androgens
B) cortisol
C) ADH
D) thyroxine
E) aldosterone |
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Definition
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Term
The _____ is firmly attached to the superior border of the kidney.
A) thyroid
B) pancreas
C) adrenal gland
D) stomach
E) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The chief cells of the parathyroid gland monitor...
A) blood glucose levels.
B) calcitonin levels.
C) blood calcium levels.
D) blood phosphate levels.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
Which gland stores its hormone extracelluarly?
A) kidney
B) pituitary
C) thyroid
D) adrenal cortex
E) pancreas |
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Definition
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Term
Gigantism and acromegaly occur as a result of...
A) overproduction of parathyroid hormone.
B) insufficient production of estrogen.
C) overproduction of growth hormone.
D) overproduction of mineralocorticoids.
E) insufficient secretion of epinephrine. |
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Definition
| A) overproduction of grown hormone. |
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Term
Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) contain all of the following cell types except...
A) alpha cells.
B) delta cells.
C) gamma cells.
D) beta cells.
E) There are no exceptions; all of the above are found in pancreatic islets. |
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Definition
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Term
All endocrine structures develop from _____ tissue.
A) epithelial
B) neural
C) muscle
D) connective
E) none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The two hormones released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are...
A) ADH and oxytocin.
B) estrogen and progesterone.
C) GH and prolactin.
D) thyroid hormone and somatotropin.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
What organ(s) is (are) nervous in structure but endocrine in function?
A) adrenal medulla
B) posterior pituitary
C) thyroid
D) anterior pituitary
E) both A and B |
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Definition
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Term
How do the cells of the adrenal medulla differ from other glandular cells?
A) They form from modified sympathetic ganglionic neurons.
B) They do not differ from other cells.
C) They are a modified parasympathetic ganglion.
D) They are chief cells that have migrated from the kidneys.
E) None of the above are differences between adrenal medulla and other glandular cells. |
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Definition
| A) They form from modified sympathetic ganglionic neurons. |
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Term
Which of the following organs secrete hormones?
(1) pancreas (2) liver (3) brain
(4) adrenal cortex (5) adrenal medulla (6) thymus
(7) ovary (8) testis (9) thyroid gland
(10) pineal gland
A) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
B) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
C) 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
D) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ,9, 10 |
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Definition
| E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 |
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Term
The zona reticularis releases very small amounts of...
A) aldosterone.
B) mineralocorticoids.
C) glucocorticoids.
D) androgens.
E) none of the above. |
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Definition
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