Term
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Definition
| A hormone is a communication molecule produced by endocrine gland, endocrine cells or nervous tissue. Hormones travel through blood stream to get to distant target cell where they initiate some change. |
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Term
| What are target cells and how do hormones get to their target cells? |
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Definition
target cells are the hormones' destination from their origin.
Lipid solubal hormones cross the p.m, cross nuclear envelope and go directly into the nucleus. there they bind to signal receptors which bind to specific genes of DNA. signal-receptor complex activates DNA.
Water solubal hormones can't cross the p.m. They bind to a receptor on the p.m which actives a second messenger inside of the cell triggering a pathway which leads to some cell change. |
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Term
| The neuroendocrine control center is composed of what structures? |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus and pituitary gland |
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Term
| Names and locations of the endocrine glands |
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Definition
Hypothalamus - nervous tissue in brain
Pituitary Gland - anterior pituitary (endocrine tissue), posterior pituitary (nervous tissue)
Thyroid - anterior (front) neck region
Parathyroid - embedded in posterior surface of thyroid
Adrenal Glands - on top of each kidney
Pancreas - deep in abdomen
Gonads - ovaries in women, testes in men
Pineal Gland - between two hemispheres (third eye)
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Term
Source, target cells, and action of:
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Thyroid Hormone |
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Definition
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - anterior pituitary, glycoprotein, stimulates thyroid
Thyroid Hormone - thyroid, regulation of metabolism |
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Term
Source, target cells, and action of:
Insulin
Glucagon |
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Definition
Insulin - pancreas, protein, lowers blood glucose level
Glucagon - pancreas, protein, raises blood glucose level |
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Term
Source, target cells, and action of:
Growth Hormone
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
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Definition
Growth Hormone - anterior pituitary, protein, stimulates growth (esp. in bones) and metabolic functions
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine - adrenal medulla, almine, raises blood glucose, increase metabolic activity and restricts certain blood vessels |
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Term
Source, target cells, and action of:
Glucocorticoid
Mineralocorticoid |
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Definition
Glucocorticoid - adrenal cortex, steroid, raises blood glucose level
Mineralocorticoid - adrenal cortex, steriod, promote reabsorbtion of Na + and excretion of K + in kidneys. |
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Term
| What do calcitonin and parathyroid hormones regulate? |
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Definition
Calcium Homeostasis
Calcitonin - deposition of calcium in bones and decrease in blood
Parathyroid - release of calcium from bones and increase in blood |
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Term
| How do steroid and non steroid hormones differ in their action on cells? |
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Definition
Steroid hormones are lipid solubal, they can cross the pm, cross the nuclear envelop and act directly on cells DNA.
Non Steroid Hormones must bind to a receptor on the p.m surface in order to make changes |
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Term
| What are the stress hormones? |
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Definition
Short Term - epinephrine and norepinephrine
Long Term - glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid |
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Term
| How do the stress hormones act on the body? |
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Definition
Short term -
increase blood pressure, blood glucose, breathing rate and metabolic activity. increase altertness but decrease digestive, excretory and reproductive activity
Long term -
Glucocorticoid - increase blood glucose level and suppressed immune system
Mineralocorticoid - increase blood volume and pressure, kidneys retain water and sodium ions |
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