oxytocin

- induces uterine muscle contraction during child   birth

- stimulates milk ejection by breasts

- necessary for human bonding

- produced by hypothalamus, released by pituitary

vasopressin

- nanopeptide

- stimulates water reabsorption by the collecting ducts of the kidneys

- stimulates vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure

- increases paternal/bonding behaviors

- made by hypothalamus, released by pituitary gland

growth hormone GH

- glycoprotein

- stimulates entire body growth and organ enlargement

- directly promotes growth of some tissue

- indirectly promotes growth of other tissue by stimulating production of growth factors (somatomedins)

- produced by pituitary gland

prolactin PRL

- glycoprotein

- similar to GH

- stimulates mammary gland development and milk synthesis in mammals

- supresses menstrual cycle and ovulation

- produced by hypothalamus, secreted by pituitary

follicle stimulating hormone FSH

- glycoprotein

- gonadotropic hormone, stimulates the gonads

- in females stimulates ovarian follicle growth and maturation and their production of estrogen

- in males necessary for spermatogenesis because it stimulates Sertoli cells to nurture maturing sperm

- made by hypothalamus, released by pituitary

lutinizing hormone

- glycoprotein

- gonadtropic hormone

- in females it stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum to produce progesterone

- in males, necessary for spermatogenesis becuase stimulates Leydig cells to produce testoserone

thyroid stimulating hormone TSH

- glycoprotein

- tropic hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its thyroxine (T4 and T3)

adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

- stimulates adrenal cortex to produce and secrete glucocorticoids (cortisoland cortisone)

melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSH

- stimulates melanin synthesis by melanocytes causing darkening of the skin within 24 hours

endorphine

- peptide hormone

- opiate

- body's natural morphine/pain killer

- produces euphoria

parathyroid hormone PTH

- stimulates Ca2+ uptake by kidneys and bone reabsorption by oseoclasts to release Ca2+ into blood

- needs vitamin D to function

- made by thyroid gland

insulin

- lowers blood sugar by stimulating glucose uptake by most cells of the body

- slows glycogen breakdown and inhibits conversion amino acids into sugar by liver

- made by pancreas

glucagon

- increases blood sugar concentrations by stimulating the hydrolysis of glucigon and conversion of amino acids into sugar in the liver

- made by pancreas

epinephrine

- stimulates the release of blood sugar by liver, skeletal muscle, and fatty acids from fat

- released by adrenal medulla

noreepinephrine and epinephrine

- increase heart rate

- stroke volume

- shunt blood away from skin, gut and kidneys to skeletal muscle and heart and brain

- released by adrenal medulla

glucocorticoids

- released byACTH

- promote glucose synthesis from proteins

- immunosuppresive

- made by adrenal cortex

mineralocorticoids

- promotes salt and water retention by kidneys

- made by adrenal cortex

androgens

- testoserone is a primary androgen

- stimluates development and maintenance of male reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

- made by gonads

- steroid hormone

estrogens

- estradiol is the primary estrogen

- maintain female reproductive system and stimulate secondary sex characteristics

- made by gonads

progestines

- progesterone

- preparing and maintaining uterus lining

regulated by gonadotropins FSH and LH, which are regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH

- made by gonads

melatonin

- regulates circadian cycles

- causes one to become tired

- best antioxident and free radical scavenger