Term
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Definition
- Parathyroid
- Thymus
- Pancreas
- Adrenal Glands
- Ovaries
- Testes
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Term
| Communication Systems of Endocrine System |
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Definition
- Nerve impulses: fast traveling, short lasting
- Hormones: slow traveling because they travel through blood, longer lasting though
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Term
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Definition
- Organic chemical messengers secreted by endocrine cells
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Term
| Definition: Endocrine glands |
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Definition
- Ductless glands which means they secrete directly into the bloodstream
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Term
| Defintion: Exocrine glands |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Specific receptor for a particular hormone
- For instance: endocrine cell secretes hormone, cell has a receptor for homrone ---> cell reacts in a certain way and the response happens
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Term
| Evolution of Endocrine System |
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Definition
- Autocrine system: cell produces hormones for a receptor on its own membrane
- Paracrine signaling: cell produces hormones for a receptor on cells near by
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Term
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Definition
- Fetal development
- Cell growth
- Metabolism
- Immune functions
- CNS functions
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Term
| Hormones Mechanism of Action |
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Definition
- Hormones act on cells that have appropriate receptors (on membrane or in cell)
- Alter properties on plasma membrane
- Stimulate/inactive synthesis of proteins
- Stimulate/inactivate transciption
- Stimulate mitosis
- Induce secretory activity
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Term
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Definition
- Water-soluble hormones: cannot penetrate lipid bi-layer
- Lipid-soluble hormones: carried in blood by spcific proteins
- Intracellular receptors for both classes
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Term
| Cell-Surface Hormones and Steroid Hormones (Lipid Soluble Hormone) |
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Definition
- Cell-surface hormones trigger signal transduction (which means one hormonone triggers production of another hormone
- Steroid hormone receptors directly regulate gene expression (the hormone/hormone receptor complex interacts with transcription)
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Term
| Hormones: Regulation and Action |
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Definition
- Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland control everything: master glands
- Hypothalamus recieves sennsory information and the signal travels to the pituitary gland
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Term
| Pituatary Gland's Lobes and Stuff |
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Definition
- Has two lobes: anterior and posterior pituatary
- Neurons that produce hormones released from posterior pituitary
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Term
| Hypothalamus and the Hormone Cascade Pathway |
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Definition
- Hypothalamus recieves stimulus and secretees a releasing hormone that targets anterior pituatary or posterior pituatary
- Anterior pituitary/posterior reponds by secreting the appropriate hormone
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- thyroid hormone
- increases metabolic rate --> raises body temp.
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Term
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Definition
- adrenal cortex - production of steroid hormones by adrenal gland
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- stimulates growth (growth factors)
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- inducing uterine contractions
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Term
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Definition
- antidiuretic hormone - reabsorption of water
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Term
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Definition
- Melatonin: biological clock
- Secretions highest at night
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Term
| Thyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis |
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Definition
- When calcium falls below set level, glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- In bone, PTH causes release of calcium by breakind down minerals in bone
- In kidney, PTH causes reabsorption of calcium
- When calcium rises above level, glands produce calcitonin
- in bone, calcium becomes stored
- in kidney, calcium is excreted
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Grave's disease: autoimmune disease
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Term
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Definition
- Blood glucose level falls, alpha cells of pancrease release glucagon into blood
- Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into blood
- Blood glucose level rises, beta cells of pancreas releases insulin into blood
- Insulin causes body cells and liver to take up more glucose
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Term
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Definition
- Body cells are unable to absorb glucose
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