Term
mechanical interference of the GIT: obstruction, surgical interventions, medication side effects, malabsorption disorders
hyperutilization of calories: burns, cancer, cystic fibrosis (hypermetabolizers, don't grow at the appropriate weight b/c their bodies are using calories too fast) |
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Definition
| causes of unintentional weight loss |
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Term
appropriate patients: cancer cachexia, AIDS wasting
controversial patients: elderly, chronic diseases
not recommended: patients with eating disorders, patients with disorders affecting absorption |
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Definition
| patients who should get appetite stimulants and patients who shouldn't |
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Term
proposed mechanism: anti-nausea effect allows people to eat, aid anesthesia, some pain relief, give people a sense of well-being
reality: anti-nausea; no effect on weight gain due to glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting
NOT USED AS AN APPETITE STIMULANT |
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Definition
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Term
proposed mechanism: unknown
reality: unknown, may have glucocorticoid activity
DO NOT USE IN MALE PATIENTS |
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Definition
| MOA of medroxyprogesterone |
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Term
proposed mechanism: helps the GI move along = increased ability to eat
reality: helps with mechanical GI issues, does not affect appetite (promotes gastric emptying); some antiemetic activity
major ADR: dystonia |
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Definition
| MOA and major ADR of metoclopramide |
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Term
histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine antagonist
used in children with cystic fibrosis for appetite stimulation
dose > 13 years for appetite stimulation: 2 mg qid, may increase to 8 mg qid
ADRs: CNS slowing, anticholinergic effects |
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Definition
| MOA, ADRs, dose of cyproheptadine |
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Term
|
Definition
| what key part of the brain do endocannabinoids work on? |
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Term
delta-9-THC agonist
indications: treatment of anorexia in patients with AIDS, treatment of chemotherapy induced N/V
ADRs: drowsiness, mood changes, depression, anxiety, paranoia, nervousness, hallucinations
cautions: CNS depressants, psychosis |
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Definition
| MOA, indications, ADRs of dronabinol |
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Term
MOA: synthetic progesterone; slight glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity; no estrogenic, androgenic, or anabolic activity
indications: treatment of anorexia or cachexia in patients with AIDS, used extensively in patients with cancer
dose: concentration = 40 mg/ml; adults 800 mg daily
ADRs: venous thromboembolism, hyperglycemia |
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Definition
| MOA, indications, dose, ADRs of megestrol acetate |
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Term
Megace ES is a concentrated formula (125 mg/ml vs. 40 mg/ml)
bioequivalent in nonfasting state and NOT bioequivalent in fasting state (Megace ES is better)
megestrol acetate dose = 800 mg
Megace ES dose = 625 mg
megestrol acetate is much better absorbed when given with meals
Megace ES is more expensive |
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Definition
| differences between megestrol acetate and Megace ES |
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Term
MOA: synthetic derivative of testosterone, anabolic steroid
indications: adjunctive therapy after weight loss following extensive surgery, chronic infections, or severe trauma
contraindications: carcinoma of prostate/breast (will stimulate growth of prostate and breast cancer); female; pregnancy
ADRs: fatal liver tumors |
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Definition
| MOA, indications, contraindications, and ADRs of oxandrolone |
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Term
indications: AIDS related cachexia
efficacy beyond 12 weeks of use is questionable
somatropin is produced by a mouse cell line
other growth hormone products may be E. coli derived
administered SQ once daily or every other day
price: $5000-7500 per month
ARDs: potentially increase HIV replication, increased risk of mortality in acute critical illness, increased risk in intracranial hypertension in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, increased glucose intolerance and decreased insulin sensitivity, may increase risk of cancer recurrence, may transform skin lesions into malignancies |
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Definition
| indications, ADRs of growth hormone (somatropin) |
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