Term
Functions of the Endocrine System
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Definition
- Maintain homeostasis of internal environment
- adapt to changes in external environment
- regulate timing of processes involving multiple tissues and temporarily coordinated events such as:
- energy metabolism
- digestion
- growth and development
- reproduction
- does not use ducts
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Term
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Definition
A chemical entity that is secreted or produced by specific cglands or cells and act as a chemical messenger or signal molecule Types: - amino acid derivatives (thyroxine/epinephrine)
- peptide and protein hormones (insulin, thyrotropin releasing hormone)
- steroids (estradiol/testosterone)
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Term
Discrete endocrine glands |
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Definition
- hypophysis
- thyroid
- parathyroid
- adrenal
- pineal
- placenta
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Term
organs with both endocrine and exocrine |
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Definition
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Term
| diffuse endocrine systems |
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Definition
diffuse endocrine cells of respiratory epithelium enteroendocrine cells in the GI epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
- beneath the hypothalamus in the sella turcica
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Term
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Definition
- glandular portion-secretory cells
- Rathke's pouch of oral ectoderm
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Term
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Definition
- neural portion
- originated from the infundibulum of floor of diencephalon (neuroectoderm)
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Term
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Definition
- neuroectoderm
- three parts:
- median eminence
- infundibulum (stalk)
- Pars nervosa
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Term
Neurohypophyseal contents |
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Definition
- Axons:
- unmyelinated from neurons with perikarya in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus
- form the hypothalamohypophyseal tract which passes through the infundibular stalk
- Herring Bodies:
- aggregations of large secretory granules containing vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin
- Pituicytes:
- special type of glial cells
- contain GFAP and glial filaments
- may contain lipd droplets
- prevent some axos from accessing the capillaries
- when stimulated retract
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Term
Hormones of the neurohypophysis |
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Definition
- Oxytocin (9aa)
- lactation (let-down)
- uterine contraction
- Vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone) (9aa)
- stimulates water reabsorbtion in the kidneys
- increases BP
- regulated by blood osmolality
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