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Endocrine A&P
(some found in NCLEX review set) Endocrine anatomy and function
137
Nursing
Professional
07/07/2010
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Term
Endocrine glands are different from exocrine glands in that they
A) produce essential body secretions
B) secrete substances directly into the bloodstream
C) secrete substances into a duct system
D) produce enzymes
 Definition
B
PG 211: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete hormones into ducts.
Term
The thyroid gland is unable to function correctly if the body does not have an adequate dietary intake of
A) vitamin K
B) iron
C) folic acid
D) iodine
 Definition
D
PG 206: The thyroid secretes two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are synthesized in the thyroid gland from iodine. A person's diet must supply this iodine.
Term
The amount of T3 and T4 produced by the thyroid gland determines
A) the quantity of breast milk produced
B) the contraction of blood vessels
C) the speed of body metabolism
D) muscle strength and coordination
 Definition
C
PG 206: It is believed that T4 is converted to T3 before it can work in the body. These hormones regulate body metabolism, controlling the rate at which cells do their work.
Term
The hormone responsible for calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood is the
A) parathormone
B) norepinephrine
C) somatostatin
D) thyroxine
 Definition
A
PG 206: The parathyroids secrete a hormone, parathormone or parathyroid hormone (PTH), that regulates the amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the blood
Term
The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes the growth and development of ova is called
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) steroids
D) follicle-stimulating hormone
 Definition
D
PG 203: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth and secretion of ovarian follicles in women and the production of sperm in men.
Term
The hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that acts on the renal tubules to reabsorb sodium is
A) aldosterone
B) epinephrine
C) androgen
D) renin
 Definition
A
PG 207: Aldosterone, the most important mineralocorticoid, stimulates reabsorption of sodium into the plasma.
Term
Which hormone is responsible for the conversion of glycogen into glucose?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Gastrin
D) ANP
 Definition
B
PG 208: Glucagon is needed to break down glycogen (stored sugar) into glucose, a process called glycogenolysis.
Term
Which of the following is not a function of glucocorticoids?
A) Regulation of sodium and water balance
B) Depression of the immune response
C) Decreased inflammatory response
D) Regulation of the synthesis of glucose
 Definition
A
PG 207: Glucocorticoids have an important influence on the synthesis of glucose, amino acids, and fats during metabolism. They also depress the immune response and decrease the inflammatory response.
Term
The human body requires which of the following to metabolize glucose?
A) Adrenalin
B) Gastrin
C) Insulin
D) Lipase
 Definition
C
PG 208: Insulin stimulates the liver to convert extra glucose into glycogen
Term
Which of the following is responsible for the sleep-wake cycle?
A) Melatonin
B) Thymosin
C) Calcitonin
D) Parathyroid hormone
 Definition
A
PG 211: Melatonin, the hormone secreted by the pineal gland, helps regulate the sleep–wake cycle.
Term
The hormone released by the lining of the duodenum, which travels to the gallbladder causing it to contract and release bile, is called
A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Pancreozymin
D) Gastrin
 Definition
B
PG 208: The lining of the upper part of the small intestine secretes ... another hormone that regulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and causes the gallbladder to contract (cholecystokinin).
Term
Erythropoietin Stimiulates
A) white cell production
B) sperm production
C) red cell production
D) the release of gastric acids
 Definition
C
PG 209: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production.
Term

You are teaching your client what happens in the body when there is a lack of insulin or the insulin in the body is not working. Which of the following statements is your best explanation regarding what occurs?

 

A) The cells work harder to get rid of the glucose

B) The glucose level increases in the cells

C) The glucose level decreases in the blood

D) the glucose level increases in the blood.

 Definition
D PG 208: If there is a lack of insulin or if the insulin is not working as it should, an increased blood glucose level will result.
Term
Which of the following is not a normal response to aging?
A) Lack of a sexual response
B) Thin hair
C) Hirsutism in women
D) Dry skin
 Definition
A
PG 210: Impotence in men and a lack of sexual response in women are not natural results of aging.
Term
The hormone produced by the male sex gland is
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) testosterone
D) lutenizing hormone
 Definition
C
PG 206: Testes (male) - Testosterone - Develops male sex characteristics (also influenced by androgens)
Term
Which endocrine gland is NOT paired with its correct location?
A) ovaries - on either side of the uterus
B) testes - in the scrotum between the upper thighs
C) pancreas - between the duodenum and the spleen
D) adrenal glands - one below each kidney
 Definition
D
207-2
Term
The function of ADH is to
A) increase the reabsorption of water by the kidneys
B) increase the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys
C) decrease the reabsorption of water by the kidneys
D) decrease the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys
 Definition
A
155-1
Term
The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to
A) contribute to the growth of the placenta
B) help increase circulation in the fetus
C) prevent contractions before the end of gestation
D) cause contractions for delivery
 Definition
D
206-2
Term
Oxytocin and ADH are both secreted by the
A) ovaries
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) posterior pituitay gland
D) adrenal glands
 Definition
C
206-1
Term
The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes
A) FSH
B) LH
C) ACTH
D) GH
 Definition
A
PG 290: FSH stimulates the formation of sperm.
Term

In men, the function of LH is to

 

A) increase secretion of testosterone

B) stimulate sperm production in the testes

C) both A and B

D) both A and B, and increase secretion of GnRH

 Definition
A
Term
In women, the function of FSH is to
A) initiate development of egg cells in the ovaries
B) increase the secretion of estrogen
C) both A and B
D) both A and B, and increase the secretion of GnRH
 Definition
C
Term
In women, the function of LH is to
A) increase secretion of progesterone in the ovary
B) cause ovulation
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
 Definition
B
Term
The hormone that stimulates secretion of thyroxine is
A) TSH
B) ACTH
C) prolactin
D) GH
 Definition
A
Term
The hormone that stimulates the secretion of cortisol is
A) TSH
B) ACTH
C) prolactin
D) GH
 Definition
B
207
Term
The hormone that increases milk production is
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) prolactin
D) oxytocin
 Definition
C
ONLINE
Term
The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is
A) thyroxine
B) PTH
C) calcitonin
D) insulin
 Definition
C
206
Term
The function of calcitonin is to
A) decrease the reabsorption of calcium from the bones
B) increase the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine
C) decrease the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine
D) increase the reabsorption of calcium from the bones
 Definition
A
206
Term
The hormone that enables cells to take in glucose to use for energy production is
A) insulin
B) cortisol
C) glucagon
D) GH
 Definition
A
Ron
Term
The hormone that decreases the blood glucose level, as after a meal is
A) aldosterone
B) insulin
C) glucagon
D) epinephrine
 Definition
B
Term
The hormone cortisol is produced by the
A) adrenal cortex
B) adrenal medulla
C) pancreas
D) thyroid gland
 Definition
A
Term
The hormone that increases the absorption of sodium ions by the kidneys is
A) aldosterone
B) ADH
C) calcitonin
D) PTH
 Definition
A
Term
The hormone that increases the excretion of potassium ions by the kidneys is
A) ADH
B) PTH
C) cortisol
D) aldosterone
 Definition
D
281-2
Term
The hormone aldosterone is secreted by the ___, and its target organs are the ___.
A) adrenal cortex / blood vessels
B) adrenal medulla / blood vessels
C) adrenal medulla / kidneys
D) adrenal cortex / kidneys
 Definition
D
Ron
Term
The adrenal medulla is the ___ part of the adrenal gland, and produces the hormones ___.
A) inner / epinephrine and norepinephrine
B) outer / cortisol and aldosterone
C) inner / cortisol and aldosterone
D) outer / epinephrine and norepinephrine
 Definition
A
Ron
Term
The hormones directly necessary for development of egg cells in the ovary are
A) LH and estrogen
B) FSH and estrogen
C) FSH and progesterone
D) LH and progesterone
 Definition
B
Ron
Term
The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are
A) LH and testosterone
B) LH and FSH
C) testostrone and inhibin
D) FSH and testosterone
 Definition
B
Term

The hormone estrogen is produced by the

 

A) egg cell in the ovary

B) follicle in the ovary

C) interstitial cells in the ovary

D) myometrium of the uterus

 Definition
B 292-4
Term
The hormone progesterone is produced by the
A) interstitial cells in the ovary
B) follicle in the ovary
C) corpus luteum in the ovary
D) myometrium of the uterus
 Definition
C
Term
The hormone that increases the use of all three food types for energy is
A) thyroxine
B) insulin
C) GH
D) cortisol
 Definition
B
Term

The mineral ____ is necessary for the production of thyroxine and T3 by the _____.

 

A) iron / thyroid gland

B) iodine / thyroid gland

C) iodine / adrenal gland

D) iron / adrenal gland

 Definition
B
Term

The function of growth hormone is to

 

A) increase the rate of mitosis in growing tissues

B) increase the rate of protein synthesis

C) both A and B

D) both  A and B, and enable cells to take in glucose

 Definition
C 203-1
Term
What do the glucocorticoids do? (4)
 Definition
- Regulate synthesis of glucose
- Influence Metabolism of carbs, glucose, amino acids, fat
- Regulate electrolyte levels in extracellular fluid
- decrease inflammatory responses
Term
What stimulates sperm production?
 Definition
FSH
Term
What stimulates the growth and secretion of ovarian follicles?
 Definition
FSH
Term
What stimulates ovulation and the formulation of the corpus luteum?
 Definition
LH
Term
Name the gonadotropic hormones
 Definition
- FSH
- LH (ICSH in men)
Term
Promotes contraction of myometrium (labor) and release of milk from mammary glands
 Definition
Oxytocin
Term
Increases water reabsorption by kidney tubules
 Definition
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Term
Hormones of the Posterior pituitary gland
 Definition
- Oxytocin
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Term
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary gland
 Definition

- Growth Hormone (GH)

- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

- Prolactin

- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Term
Hormones of the thyroid gland
 Definition
- Thyroxine (T4)
- triiodothyroxine (T3)
- Calcitonin
Term
Hormones of the parathyroid glands
 Definition
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Term
Hormones of the pancreas
 Definition
- Glucagon (alpha cells)
- Insulin (beta cells)
- Somatostatin (delta cells)
Term
Hormones of the adrenal medulla
 Definition
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
Term
Hormones of the adrenal cortex
 Definition
- Aldosterone
- Cortisol
Term
Aldosterone function
 Definition

- reabsorption of sodium and water

 - excretion of potassium
Term
Erythropoietin source
 Definition
Kidneys and liver
Term
Erythropoietin function
 Definition
regulates RBC production
Term
Beta cells: function
 Definition
produce insulin
Term
Beta cells: location
 Definition
pancreas
Term
Insulin production site
 Definition
pancreas
Term
Insulin: responsibility
 Definition
lowers glucose
Term
Regulates sleep-wake cycle
 Definition
melatonin
Term
System by which hormone secretions are regulated by the response they elicit
 Definition
Negative feedback system
Term
Cortisol source
 Definition
Adrenal cortex
Term
Calcitonin function
 Definition
Decreases reabsorption of calcium from the bones
Term
Calcitonin source
 Definition
Thyroid gland
Term
What stimulates the production of milk?
 Definition
Prolactin
Term
What stimulates the release of milk?
 Definition
oxytosin
Term
Aldosterone source
 Definition
Adrenal cortex
Term
Aldosterone function
 Definition
increases reabsorption of sodium, thus increasing water reabsorption, resulting in increased blood volume
Term
What supplement is needed for normal thyroid function?
 Definition
Iodine
Term
Thyroid stimulation test: What result indicates normal thyroid function?
 Definition
Increase in T3 and T4 levels
Term
____ increases glucose levels, while _____ lowers them.
 Definition
Glucogon, Insulin
Term
Thyroid scan: process
 Definition
- radioactive material injected or taken orally
- thyroid scanned with scintillation camera
- "hot" and "cold" spots indicate nodules (Cold=bad)
Term
Vasopression (ADH) action
 Definition
constricts blood vessels AND increases reabsorption of water
Term
What hormone stimulates cortisol?
 Definition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Term
Thyroid gland responsibility
 Definition
regulates metabolic rate
Term
Hormones that mimic the sympathetic nervous system
 Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Term
What hormone regulates reabsorption of sodium from the kidney?
 Definition
aldosterone
Term
Hormone responsible for ova production
 Definition
FSH
Term
What hormone is responsible for calcium and phosphorus levels?
 Definition
PTH
Term
Effects of aging on hormones
 Definition
- decreased metabolism
- decrease in hair
- hirtuism
- dry skin
Term
Cause of Goiter
 Definition
lack of iodine
Term
Nursing alert regarding hyperthyroidism
 Definition
don't palpate the thyroid
Term
Location of ovaries
 Definition
on either side of the uterus
Term
Location of pancreas
 Definition
Stems from curve of duodenum to spleen
Term
Location of adrenal glands
 Definition
top of kidneys
Term
Location of pituitary gland
 Definition
Below the hypothalamus
Term
Other name for growth hormone
 Definition
somatotropin
Term
Hormone needed to assist in kidney reabsorption of calcium
 Definition
PTH
Term
condition that causes muscle twitching, spasms, and convulsions
 Definition
Tetany: lack of calcium
Term
Hormone that stimulates the release of bile
 Definition
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Term
Converts glycogen to glucose
 Definition
Glucogon
Term
Melatonin source
 Definition
Pineal gland
Term
Endocrine glands are different from exocrine glands in that they
A) produce essential body secretions
B) secrete substances directly into the bloodstream
C) secrete substances into a duct system
D) produce enzymes
 Definition
B
PG 211: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete hormones into ducts.
Term
The thyroid gland is unable to function correctly if the body does not have an adequate dietary intake of
A) vitamin K
B) iron
C) folic acid
D) iodine
 Definition
D
PG 206: The thyroid secretes two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are synthesized in the thyroid gland from iodine. A person's diet must supply this iodine.
Term
The amount of T3 and T4 produced by the thyroid gland determines
A) the quantity of breast milk produced
B) the contraction of blood vessels
C) the speed of body metabolism
D) muscle strength and coordination
 Definition
C
PG 206: It is believed that T4 is converted to T3 before it can work in the body. These hormones regulate body metabolism, controlling the rate at which cells do their work.
Term
The hormone responsible for calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood is the
A) parathormone
B) norepinephrine
C) somatostatin
D) thyroxine
 Definition
A
PG 206: The parathyroids secrete a hormone, parathormone or parathyroid hormone (PTH), that regulates the amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the blood
Term
The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes the growth and development of ova is called
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) steroids
D) follicle-stimulating hormone
 Definition
D
PG 203: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth and secretion of ovarian follicles in women and the production of sperm in men.
Term
The hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that acts on the renal tubules to reabsorb sodium is
A) aldosterone
B) epinephrine
C) androgen
D) renin
 Definition
A
PG 207: Aldosterone, the most important mineralocorticoid, stimulates reabsorption of sodium into the plasma.
Term
Which hormone is responsible for the conversion of glycogen into glucose?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Gastrin
D) ANP
 Definition
B
PG 208: Glucagon is needed to break down glycogen (stored sugar) into glucose, a process called glycogenolysis.
Term
Which of the following is not a function of glucocorticoids?
A) Regulation of sodium and water balance
B) Depression of the immune response
C) Decreased inflammatory response
D) Regulation of the synthesis of glucose
 Definition
A
PG 207: Glucocorticoids have an important influence on the synthesis of glucose, amino acids, and fats during metabolism. They also depress the immune response and decrease the inflammatory response.
Term
The human body requires which of the following to metabolize glucose?
A) Adrenalin
B) Gastrin
C) Insulin
D) Lipase
 Definition
C
PG 208: Insulin stimulates the liver to convert extra glucose into glycogen
Term
Which of the following is responsible for the sleep-wake cycle?
A) Melatonin
B) Thymosin
C) Calcitonin
D) Parathyroid hormone
 Definition
A
PG 211: Melatonin, the hormone secreted by the pineal gland, helps regulate the sleep–wake cycle.
Term
The hormone released by the lining of the duodenum, which travels to the gallbladder causing it to contract and release bile, is called
A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Pancreozymin
D) Gastrin
 Definition
B
PG 208: The lining of the upper part of the small intestine secretes ... another hormone that regulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and causes the gallbladder to contract (cholecystokinin).
Term
Erythropoietin Stimiulates
A) white cell production
B) sperm production
C) red cell production
D) the release of gastric acids
 Definition
C
PG 209: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production.
Term
You are teaching your client what happens in the body when there is a lack of insulin or the insulin in the body is not working. Which of the following statements is your best explanation regarding what occurs?
A) The cells work harder to get rid of the glucose
B) The glucos level increases in the cells
C) The glucose level decreases in the blood
D) the glucose level increases in the blood.
 Definition
D
PG 208: If there is a lack of insulin or if the insulin is not working as it should, an increased blood glucose level will result.
Term
Which of the following is not a normal response to aging?
A) Lack of a sexual response
B) Thin hair
C) Hirsutism in women
D) Dry skin
 Definition
A
PG 210: Impotence in men and a lack of sexual response in women are not natural results of aging.
Term
The hormone produced by the male sex gland is
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) testosterone
D) lutenizing hormone
 Definition
C
PG 206: Testes (male) - Testosterone - Develops male sex characteristics (also influenced by androgens)
Term
The function of ADH is to
A) increase the reabsorption of water by the kidneys
B) increase the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys
C) decrease the reabsorption of water by the kidneys
D) decrease the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys
 Definition
A
155-1
Term
The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to
A) contribute to the growth of the placenta
B) help increase circulation in the fetus
C) prevent contractions before the end of gestation
D) cause contractions for delivery
 Definition
D
206-2
Term
Oxytocin and ADH are both secreted by the
A) ovaries
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) posterior pituitay gland
D) adrenal glands
 Definition
C
206-1
Term
The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes
A) FSH
B) LH
C) ACTH
D) GH
 Definition
A
PG 290: FSH stimulates the formation of sperm.
Term
In men, the function of LH is to
A) increase secretion of testosterone
B) stimulate sperm production in the testes
C) both A and B
C) both A and B, and increase secretion of GnRH
 Definition
A
Term
In women, the function of FSH is to
A) initiate development of egg cells in the ovaries
B) increase the secretion of estrogen
C) both A and B
D) both A and B, and increase the secretion of GnRH
 Definition
C
Term
In women, the function of LH is to
A) increase secretion of progesterone in the ovary
B) cause ovulation
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
 Definition
B
Term
The hormone that stimulates secretion of thyroxine is
A) TSH
B) ACTH
C) prolactin
D) GH
 Definition
A
Term
The hormone that stimulates the secretion of cortisol is
A) TSH
B) ACTH
C) prolactin
D) GH
 Definition
B
207
Term
The hormone that increases milk production is
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) prolactin
D) oxytocin
 Definition
C
ONLINE
Term
The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is
A) thyroxine
B) PTH
C) calcitonin
D) insulin
 Definition
C
206
Term
The function of calcitonin is to
A) decrease the reabsorption of calcium from the bones
B) increase the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine
C) decrease the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine
D) increase the reabsorption of calcium from the bones
 Definition
A
206
Term
The hormone that enables cells to take in glucose to use for energy production is
A) insulin
B) cortisol
C) glucagon
D) GH
 Definition
A
Ron
Term
The hormone that decreases the blood glucose level, as after a meal is
A) aldosterone
B) insulin
C) glucagon
D) epinephrine
 Definition
B
Term
The hormone cortisol is produced by the
A) adrenal cortex
B) adrenal medulla
C) pancreas
D) thyroid gland
 Definition
A
Term
The hormone that increases the absorption of sodium ions by the kidneys is
A) aldosterone
B) ADH
C) calcitonin
D) PTH
 Definition
A
Term
The hormone that increases the excretion of potassium ions by the kidneys is
A) ADH
B) PTH
C) cortisol
D) aldosterone
 Definition
D
281-2
Term
The hormone aldosterone is secreted by the ___, and its target organs are the ___.
A) adrenal cortex / blood vessels
B) adrenal medulla / blood vessels
C) adrenal medulla / kidneys
D) adrenal cortex / kidneys
 Definition
D
Ron
Term
The adrenal medulla is the ___ part of the adrenal gland, and produces the hormones ___.
A) inner / epinephrine andnorepinaphrine
B) outer / cortisol and aldosterone
C) inner / cortisol and aldosterone
D) outer epinephrine and norepinephrine
 Definition
A
Ron
Term
The hormones directly necessary for development of egg cells in the ovary are
A) LH and estrogen
B) FSH and estrogen
C) FSH and progesterone
D) LH and progesterone
 Definition
B
Ron
Term
The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are
A) LH and testosterone
B) LH and FSH
C) testostrone and inhibin
D) FSH and testosterone
 Definition
B
Term
The hormone estrogen is produced by the
A) egg cell in the ovary
B) follicl in the ovary
C) interstitial cels in the ovary
D) myometrium of the uterus
 Definition
B
292-4
Term
The hormone progesterone is produced by the
A) interstitial cells in the ovary
B) follicle in the ovary
C) corpus luteum in the ovary
D) myometrium of the uterus
 Definition
C
Term
The hormone that increases the use of all three food types for energy is
A) thyroxine
B) insulin
C) GH
D) cortisol
 Definition
B
Term
the mineral ____ is necessary for the production of thyroxine and T3 by the
A) iron / thyroid gland
B) iodine / thyroid gland
C) iodine / adrenal gland
D) iron / adrenal gland
 Definition
B
Term
The function of growth hormone is to
A) increase the rate of mitosis in growing tissues
B) increase the rate of protein synthesis
C) both A and B
D) both and B, and enable cells to take in glucose
 Definition
C
203-1
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