Term
| How is the bacteremia characterized in endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the valves of the heart are damaged by turbulance, what forms? |
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Definition
| nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis |
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Term
| What do you need to develop infectous endocarditis? |
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Definition
| NBTE (non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis) |
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Term
| What are eight clinical manifestations of bacterial endocarditis? |
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Definition
bacteria FROM JANE
F: fever
R: roth spot's
O: osler nodes
M: murmur
J: Janeway lesions
A: Anemia
N: nail bed petechia (splinter hemmorrhage)
E: Emboli |
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Term
| Which is painful, janeway lesions or osler nodes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which valve is more associated with IVDA endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are four cardiac complications of bacterial endocarditis? |
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Definition
valve perforation
valve ring abscess
chordae rupture
myocardial abscess
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Term
| What is a pulmonary complication of endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a renal complication of endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is endocarditis secondary to a malignancy or hypercoagulable state called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it difficult (2) for immune system to fight off endocarditis? |
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Definition
1. it forms a biofilm that is in a ball
2. bacteria is mostly inactive |
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Term
| What type of antibiotics are needed to treat endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common bacteria causing endocarditis in IVDA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a ortho red flag warning that makes one think endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 7 common bacterias that can cause endocarditis from the oral, upper RT, or skin? |
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Definition
staph aureas
strep viridans
HACEK
Haemophilas
actinobaccilus
cardiobacterium
eikenella
kingella
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Term
| What is the common bacteria to cause endocarditis from the GI tract? |
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Definition
| strept bovius/gallolyticus |
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Term
| What is strept gallolyticus associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| With prosthetic valve replacements what are common early bacteria causing endocarditis? |
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Definition
facultative gram -
staph (coagulase -)
staph aureus |
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Term
| Why are gram - facultative bacteria more common post valve replacement? |
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Definition
| becuase they can stick to its surface |
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Term
| How does one test for staph aureus vs. other staph? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does one differentiate staph and strept in the lab? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which group is strept gallolyticus? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a patient post-catheter presents with an infection, which bacteria would make you suspicious for endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cuase of culture negative endocarditis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
How many blood cultures do you need to diagnois endocarditis?
Why is this important in treatment? |
|
Definition
at least two
important to get cultures before treatment or else forced to have a long treatment course even if patient did not actually have endocarditis |
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Term
| What are the major criteria for diagnosing endocarditis? |
|
Definition
two seperate positive cultures
oscillating mass
worsening or development of valvular ring
abscess
prostetic valve problem |
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Term
| Which type of echocardiogram is best? |
|
Definition
| transesophegeal but still has 5% false negative |
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Term
| How many major criteria are needed to make endocarditis diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for staph aureus endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment of choice for enterococci endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| If staph aureus is found in the urine, should you expect it came from the urine or blood? Why? |
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Definition
| blood b/c unlikely that the urine was infected unless instrument used |
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Term
| If one is bacterimic secondary to community acquired staph, what is expected? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common bacteria in acute endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| When endocarditis is the result of staph aureus, what usually has to happen to the valves? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How long should endocarditis be treated for with antibiotics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What underlying conditions is it recommended to prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis? (4) |
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Definition
Prosthetic valve
previous endocarditis
congenital heart disease if it is cyanotic, CHD surgery w/o resolve, prosthetic repair
heart transplant with valvulopathy |
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for adult prophylaxis of endocardis? How many doses? |
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Definition
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