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| Steb by step process used to investigate problems |
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| The variable that the scientist chooses to manipulate. |
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| An experiemnt in which all variables are controlled except for the variable being tested |
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| A possible solution to a problem |
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| An idea that has been tested and proved over a period of time. It is generally accepted as a fact. |
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| The variable that changes according to the changes in the independent variable. |
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| Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer, EX simple sugar, amino acids, nucleotides |
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| A protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of a reaction. Enzymes are affected by temperature and pH levels |
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| Large molecules. EX carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
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| The tendency of some molecules to have a slightly positive or slightly negative charge on one side of the molecule |
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| Process that transforms one set of chemical substances into another. Mass of products and reactants must equal each other |
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| Scale which measures the acid or base of a substance. Acids are 1-7, bases are 7-14. Water is neutral with a pH of 7 |
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| Specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function. EX mitochondria, nucleus, ribosome |
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| Process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion does not require energy. |
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| Property of a membrane that allows some substances to pass trough while not allowing other substances to pass. |
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| State of maintaining a relatively constant internal environment within an organism. Maintenance of homeostasis is controlled by cell membrane using diffusion,osmosis and active transport |
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| Organism that does not have a nucleus or organelles EX bacteria |
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| Movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Necessary for maintaining homestasis |
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| Organism that has a nucleus and organelles. EX plants, animals |
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| Process by which organisms convert energy from the sun into carbohydrates |
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| Macromolecule that organisms break down into glucose to power cell processes |
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| The pigment used by plants to capture energy from the sun. |
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| Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) |
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| The waves of energy and or light found on Earth. Visible light is part of the EMS |
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| Organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place |
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| Organisms that obtain energy by converting sunlight or chemicals into carbohydtates |
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| Respiration that requires oxygen in order to break down glucose |
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| Organelle where cellular respirations takes place. Mitochondria break down glucose in order to generate ATP |
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| Type of respiration that does not require oxygen and produces lactic acid. Causes a burning sensation in muscles when exercising heavily |
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| Adenosine triphosphate- chemical compound used by cells to power all cell processes. |
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| Organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms |
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| Form of respiration that does not require oxygen and produces alcohol and carbon dioxide. Often performed by yeasts. |
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| Simple simple sugar used by cells to power cell processes. Created by breaking down carbohydrates. |
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| Form of reproduction in which genetic information is not exchanged. EX binary fission, budding, mitosis |
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| Form of cell reproduction in which two identical daughter cells are produced. Used for growth and development of higher organisms |
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| Refers to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes. In humans the diploid # of chromosomes is 46 |
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| Form of reproduction in which genetic information is exchanged. Produces non identical daaughter cells |
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| Series of events in which a cell grows, divides and produces two new daughter cells |
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| Refers to a cell that contains one set of homologous chromosomes. In humans, the haploid # is 23. Haploid cells are only found in gametes |
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| Cells that are unspecialized but can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells |
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| Building block of DNA. Consists of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base |
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| Deoxyribose nucleic acid. Genetic material that controls heredity and reactions within cells. |
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| The 'rungs' on the DNA ladder. Consists of one of four compounds adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine |
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| Traits that are passed down from parents to offspring |
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| Macromolecule that contains genetic information. EX DNA and RNA |
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The process through which proteins are created
DNA>RNA>amino acid>protein |
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| The nucleic acid that carries the directions for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome |
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| Three letter sequence that codes for amino acids |
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| Any change in the genetic code. May be harmful or beneficial |
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| Building blocks of proteins. |
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