Term
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Definition
| Class: Analgesic. Inhibitor of platelet function. Anti-inflammatory. |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin class/actions |
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Definition
Class: Nitrate
Actions: Potent vasodilator with anti-anginal, anti- ischemic, and antihypertensive effects. |
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Term
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Definition
Standing Orders
oWhen to administer: Allergy History; exhibits signs of allergic attack
oDosage/Route: Mid thigh
oContraindications: NONE |
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Term
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Definition
Standing Orders
oWhen to administer: History of diabetic problems; altered mental status
oDosage/Route: Tongue Depressor on inner cheek; whole tube over 2-3 minutes
oContraindications: Unconscious/ cannot protect airway |
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Term
| Activated Charcoal (BYU EMS) |
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Definition
No standing Order
oWhen to administer: Signs and symptoms of ingested poison.
oDosage/Route: Oral dosage |
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Term
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Definition
No standing order
oWhen to administer: Prescribed inhaler; exhibits signs of respiratory emergency
Indications: Bronchospasm associated with reversible obstructive airway disease |
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Term
| Atropine Sulfate Class/Actions |
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Definition
Class: Parasympatholytic (anticholinergic)
Actions: Blocks acetylcholine receptors. Increases heart rate. Decreases gastric secretions. |
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Term
| Dextrose- 50% (D50W) Class/Actions |
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Definition
Class: Carbohydrate
Actions: Dextrose is the principal form of sugar used by the body to create energy. |
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Term
| Epinephrine 1:1,00 Class/Actions |
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Definition
Class: Sympathomimetic
Actions: Acts on both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors and imitates the actions of the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine 1:1000 contains 1 mg of epinephrine in 1 mL of solvent. |
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Term
| Epinephrine 1:10,000 Class/Actions |
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Definition
Class: Sympathomimetic
Actions: Acts on both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors and imitates the actions of the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine 1:10,000 contains 1 mg of epinephrine in 10 mL of solvent.
Indications: Cardiac arrest. Severe anaphylaxsis. |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Hormone
Actions: Increases blood glucose level by causing breakdown and release of stored glycogen and inhibiting the conversion of glucose to glycogen.Increases heart rate, AV conduction, and myocardial contractility in a manner similar to catecholamines, but through a different mechanism. |
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Term
| Lidocain (Xylocaine) Class/Actions |
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Definition
Class: Antidysrhythmic
Actions: Suppresses automaticity in the His/Purkinje system. Elevates threshold for ventricular dysrhythmias. Lowers threshold for defibrillation and cardioversion. |
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Term
| Morphine Sulfate Class/Actions |
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Definition
Class: Narcotic analgesic
Actions: Acts on opiate receptors in the brain that cause analgesia and sedation. |
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Term
| Narcan (Naloxone) Class/Actions |
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Definition
Class: Narcotic antagonist
Actions: Blocks opiate receptors thus negating effects of opiates. (reverses an overdose.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Actions: Blocks Platelet aggregation |
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Term
| Asprin Precautions/contraindications |
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Definition
Precautions: GI bleeding and upset stomach
Side Effects: Heartburn; nausea and vomiting
oContraindications:
-Pregnancy
-Bleeding disorders
-Peptic ulcers
-Use of anticoagulants
-Hypersensitivity or allergy to aspirin |
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Term
| Dosage/Route/Onset of asprin |
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Definition
Standing Orders
Onset: 5-30 mins
Peak Effects: 15 mins to 2hours
Route: Oral
Pediatric Dosage: Not Recommended
oWhen to administer: Chest Pain
oDosage/Route: Chew don’t swallow 4 (81mg) |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin indications |
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Definition
Non Standing Orders
Indications: To increase coronary perfusion and decrease chest pain in angina and MI. To reduce preload in acute pulmonary edema.
oWhen to administer: Cardiac history and prescribed nitroglycerin. Shows signs of cardiac emergency:
-Sudden onset of sweating
-Chest pain
-Anxiety, irritability, appears to be in shock |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin side effects |
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Definition
| Side effects: headache, Dizziness, Postural hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting. |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin dosage/onset |
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Definition
Dosage: .4 mg SL. May repeate every 3 to 5 minutes up to 3 tablets. .5 to 1 inch of ointment applied to chest wall. .4 mg (1 spray). May repeat every 3 to 5 minutes up to 3 sprays.
Onset: SL, topical, sublingual spray
Pediatric: none
oDosage/Route: Tablet or spray under the tongue per prescription every five minutes; up to 3 doses. |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin Contraindications |
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Definition
oContraindications:
-Increased intracranial pressure
-Hypotension
-Hypovolemia
-Viagra or similar drugs
-B.P. must be above 100 |
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Term
| Activated Charcoal contraindications |
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Definition
oContraindications:
-Acids or alkalis
-Cyanides
-Lithium
-Iron tablets
-Unable to swallow
-Altered mental status |
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Term
| Albuterol Contraindications |
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Definition
oContraindications: NONE (hypersensitivity)
Precautions: use with caution with cardiac ischemia. Try to measure peak flow before and after treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Side Effects: Tremors, anxiety, dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea, palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension. |
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Term
| Albuterol Dosage/route/onset/peak |
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Definition
Dosage: Metered-dose inahaler: 90mcg (two sprays) Nebulizer: 2.5 mg in 2.5 to 3.0 mL normal saline. Repeat as needed.
Onset: 5 to 15 minutes
Peak Effects: 1 to 1.5 hours
Route: Inhalation
Pediatric Dosage: .15 mg/kg in 2.5 to 3.0 mL normal saline via nebulizer. Repeat as needed |
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Term
|
Definition
Class: sympathomimetic Bronchodilator
Actions: Selective Beta2 adrenergic agonist that causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muschle, thus decreasing airway resistance and increaseing vital capacity. |
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Term
| Atropine Sulfate Indications |
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Definition
Indications: To increase heart rate and cardiac output in syptomatic bradycardia. Bradyasystolic cardiac arrest.Antidote for Organophosphate Poisoning.
Contraindications: None |
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Term
| Atropine Sulfate Precautions/Side Effects |
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Definition
Precautions: myocardial ischemia
Side Effects: Palpitations, tachycardia, headache, dizziness, anxiety, dry mouth, pupillary dilation, blurred vision, urinary retention (especially in older men). |
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Term
| Atropine Sulfate Dosage/route |
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Definition
Dosage: Symptomic Bradyicardia: .5 to 1.0 mg IVP (may repeat in 3 to 5 minutes to a max of 3.0 mg).
Bradyasystolic arrest: 1.0 mg IVP (may repeat every 3 to 5 mins to max of .04 mg/kg)
Organophosphate poisoning: 2 to 5 mg IV or IM every 10 to 15 mins. |
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Term
| D50 Contraindications/precautions |
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Definition
Indications:To increase blood sugar levels in documented hypoglycemia.
Contraindications: None in a pt with doc hypoglycemia
Precautions: Can cause tissue damage and necrosis at injection site. Can cause sever neurological symptoms (Wernicke's encephalopathy, Korsakoff's psychosis) in patients who are thiamine deficient. |
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Term
| D50 Side effects/dosage/onset/peak/route |
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Definition
Side effects: Warmth or pain at injection site
Dosage: 25 grams IV push
Onset: <1 minute
Peak effects: Variable
Route: IV
Ped Dosage: 2 mL/kg of 25% solution (D25W) |
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Term
| Epi 1:1000 Indications/contraindications |
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Definition
Indications: Allergic reactions. reversible bronchospasm associated with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.
Contraindications: none
Precautions: avoid accidental IV injection
Repeated injections can cause tissue necrosis. |
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Term
| Epi 1:1000 Side Effects/dosage/onset/peak |
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Definition
Side Effects: Nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, tremors, palpitations, hypertension, MI, dysrhymthmias, nausea, vomiting.
Dosage: .3 to .5 SQ
Onset: 3 to 10 minutes
Peak effects: 20 mins |
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Term
| Epi 1:10000 Contraindications/Precautions |
|
Definition
Contraindications: none
Precautions: Repeated injections can cause tissue necrosis. Monitor vital signs and ECG. |
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Term
| Epi 1:10,000 Side Effects |
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Definition
| Side Effects: nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, tremors, palpitations, hypertension, MI, dysrhythmias, nausea, Vomiting. |
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Term
| Epi 1:10,000 Dosage/Onset/Peak/Route/Ped |
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Definition
Dosage: Cardiac Arrest: 1 mg IV every 3 to 5 minutes. 2 to 2.5 mg of epi 1:1,000 diluted in 10 mL normal saline via ET Tube.
Onset: <2 minutes
Peak Effects: <5 minutes
Route: IV, ET, IO
Ped Dosage: Cardiac arrest: .01 mg/kg epi 1:10,000 IV/IO for initial dose. For subsequent dosoes: .1 mg/kg epinephrine 1:1,000 IV/IO |
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Term
| Glucagon Indications/contraindications |
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Definition
Indications: hypoglycemia. Beta Blocker overdose.
Contraindications: Patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. |
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Term
| Glucagon Precautions/Side Effects |
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Definition
Precautions: May be ineffective in patients with inadequate liver glycogen stores (ie alcoholism, malnutrition)
Side Effects:Dizziness, hypotension, nausea and vomiting |
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Term
| Glucagon Dosage Adult/Ped |
|
Definition
Dosage: Hypoglycemia: 1.0 mg IM/SQ may repeat every 15 to 20 minutes.
Beta blocker overdose: 50 to 150 mcg/kg IV over 1 minute.
Pediatric Dosage: Hypoglycemia: Neonates/infants: .025-.03 mg/kg IM/SC/IV (mas dose 1 mg). Children: .03-.01 mg/kg IM/IV/SC (max. dose 1mg). Beta blocker overdose: 50 to 150 mcg/kg IV over 1 minute/ |
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Term
| Glucagon onset/peak/route |
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Definition
Onset: 5 to 20 mins
Peak Effects: 30 mins
Route: IV, IM, SQ |
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Term
| Lidocaine Indications/contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications:To convert vetricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in cardiac arrest to a sinus rhythm. To convert ventricular tachycardia with pulse to a sinus rhythm.
Contraindications: Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug. Supraventricular dysrhythmias. High-grade heart blocks. Sinus Bradycardia. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Precautions: Use with caution in patients with renal or liver disease, CHF, marked hypoxia, respiratory depression, and shock. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness, confusion, bradycardia, conduction disorders, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting. |
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Term
| Lidocaine Dosage/Onset/Peak Effects |
|
Definition
Dosage: VF/VT cardiac arrest: 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg IV. Repeat every 3 to 5 mins as needed up to 3 mg/kg. Follow conversion, begin infusion at 2 to 4 mg/min.
VT with pulse:1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg slow IV. May repeat at one-half dose every 5 to 10 minutes until conversion(up to 3 mg/kg). Following conversion, begin infusion at 2 to 4 mg/min.
Onset: <3 min
Peak Effects: 5 to 7 mins. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Indications: Moderate to severe pain. To reduce preload in acute MI and pulmonary edema. |
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Term
| Morphine Contraindications/Precautions |
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Definition
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to opiates. Undiagnosed head injury.
Precautions: Do not administer to patients who are hypotensive or volume depleted. Do not use in asthma, COPD, or severe respiratory failure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Side Effects: Sedation, rash, respiratory depression, dysphoria, bradycardia, syncope, constipation, dry mouth. |
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Term
| Morphine Dosage/Onset/Peak/Route/Ped |
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Definition
Dosage: Pain: 2.5 to 15 mg IV; 5 to 20 mg IM/SQ
To decrease preload: 1 to 2 mg IV every 5 to 6 minutes as needed.
Onset: IV (immediate)IM (15 to 30 minutes)
Peak Effects: IV (20 mins) IM (30 to 60 mins)
Route: IV,IM,SQ
Ped Dosage: .1 to .2 mg/kg |
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Term
| Narcan Indications/Onset/Peak |
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Definition
Indications: Narcotic overdose
Onset: IV: <2 minutes IM/ET 2 to 10 minutes
Peak Effects: IV:<2 minutes IM/ET: 2 to 10 minutes |
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Term
| Narcan Contraindications/Precautions |
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Definition
Contraindications: Allergic, Do not use in non-opiate-induced respiratory depression.
Precautions: Titrate the dose to increase respirations. Giving a large dose will induce an acute narcotic withdrawal syndrome. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Side Effects: Primarily due to narcotic withdrawal (tremors, agitation, runny nose, diarrhea). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dosage: .4 to 2.0 mg IV/IM (2.0 to 2.5 times dose for ET). May be repeated every 2 to 3 minutes up to 10 mg. |
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