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EMT-B Chapter 6 & 16
Airway, Breathing and Respiratory Emergencies
21
Medical
Professional
09/11/2008

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Term
respiratory failure
Definition
reduction of breathing where oxygen intake in insufficient to support life
Term
respiratory arrest
Definition
when breathing stops entirely
Term
minute volume
Definition
the amount of air breathed in over the course of one minute (tidal volume * breaths per minute)
Term
dead space
Definition
the areas of the lung where oxygen/carbon dioxide gas exchange does NOT take place (i.e. anywhere except the alveoli)
Term
cyanosis
Definition
the blue or gray color results from hypoxia (lack of oxygen)
Term
patent airway
Definition
an airway that is clear and will remain clear
Term
head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
Definition
a method of correcting airway blockage by the tongue. The head is tilted back and chin lifted. NOT for use for trauma patient or anytime spinal injury is suspected
Term
jaw-thrust maneuver
Definition
means of correcting blockage of the airway by moving the jaw forward without moving the head or neck. Used for trauma victims or when spinal injury is suspected.
Term
artificial ventilation
Definition
forcing air into the lungs when a patient has stopped or has inadequate breathing. Also called positive pressure ventilation
Term
stoma
Definition
a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which a patient breathes
Term
oropharyngeal airway
Definition
a curved airway adjunct inserted through the mouth to maintain an open airway. Should be inserted with the tip up then rotated to hold the tongue away from the posterior side pharnyx.
Term
nasopharyngeal airway
Definition
a flexible tube inserted through a patient's nose to maintain an open airway. Should be inserted with the bevel facing the septum.
Term
hyperventilate
Definition
when ventilations happen at a higher rate than normal
Term
hypoxia
Definition
insufficiency of oxygen in the body's tissues
Term
pressure regulator
Definition
a device connection to an oxygen cylinder that regulates the pressure delivered to the patient
Term
flowmeter
Definition
a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute
Term
nonrebreather mask
Definition
a face mask an reservoir bag that delivers high concentration oxygen. It contains a valve between the mask and reservoir that forces exhaled air out through a release valve. Reservoir bag MUST BE FILLED before mask is placed on patient and should not deflate more than 1/3 on each inhalation.
Term
nasal cannula
Definition
a device that delivers low flow oxygen through two prongs in a patients nostrils. Should deliver <= 6 lpm and prongs should face downward when inserted
Term
inadequate breathing: signs
Definition
either rate or depth of breathing can fall outside normal ranges.
LOOK for adequate and equal expansion bilaterally
LISTEN for air entering and leaving
FEEL for air moving out the nose or mouth
OTHER SYMPTOMS: pale or cyanotic skin; respiratory rate, rhythm quality or depth outside normal range.
Term
inadequate breathing: treatment
Definition
1. open and maintain airway (see "airway: treatment")
2. if patient is breathing, provide supplemental oxygen; if patient is not breathing, ventilate (NOTE: if breathing but rate is < 8 or > 24 bpm, ventilate)
3. suction as needed
Term
inadequate breathing: parameters
Definition
ADULT : 12 - 20 bpm (<8 or >24 = VENTILATE)
CHILD : 15 - 30 bpm
INFANT: 25 - 50 bpm
Rhythm should be REGULAR
Breath sounds should be present
Breathing indications should be bilateral
Depth of breaths should be adequate
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