Term
| definition of emerging infectious diseases |
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Definition
| diseases whose incidence in humans has increased in past two decades or threatens to increase |
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Term
| forms of direct transmission |
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Definition
| direct contact and droplet spread |
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Term
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Definition
| airborne, vehicle-born, food/water/soil |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical (needle), biological (insect) |
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Term
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Definition
| wear a mask within 3 feet |
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Term
| airborne precautions (particles <5 micrometers) |
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Definition
| N95 respirator for you and use a negative pressure room |
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Term
| bioterrorism routes of entry |
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Definition
| inhalation (route of choice), breaks in skin, ingestion, vector, or use microwave radiation to heat up water releasing the chemical into the air |
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Term
| Caegory A - national security risk |
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Definition
| easily disseminated or transmitted person-person, result in high mortality, may cause panic and requires special actions for public health preparedness; batman cannot help here |
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Term
| Category B infectious agents |
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Definition
| moderately easy to disseminate, moderate morbidity and low mortality; CDC has to step its game up |
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Term
| Category C infectious agents |
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Definition
| emerging pathogens that are easily available, easily produced/disseminated, potential for high morbidity; call batman for help |
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Term
| list of category A agents |
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Definition
| anthrax, pneumonic plague, botulism, tularemia, smallpox, ebola/marburg |
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Term
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Definition
| standard precautions; no person-person spread |
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Term
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Definition
| standard precautions; no person-person spread |
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Term
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Definition
| standard precautions; no person-person spread |
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Term
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Definition
| standard + droplet precautions; wear a regular mask |
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Term
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Definition
| standard + airborne + contact precautions; negative pressure room, N95 mask, gown/gloves |
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Term
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Definition
| standard + contact + droplet/airborne; blood could be aerosolized; neg pressure room, N95, gown/gloves |
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Term
| large gram+ rods, infectious spores, if untreated can have 100% mortality; requires 8,000-40,000 spores to be inhaled that are no larger than 1-5 microns |
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Definition
| anthrax (esp inhalational) |
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Term
| widened mediastinum and pleural effusions on chest x-ray; 50% associated with hemorrhagic meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
| 1-12 day incubation, spores must enter break in skin; get a papule->vesicle->black necrotic ulcer; painless; 20% fatality |
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Definition
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Term
| 1-7 day incubation; must be swallowed; can be either oropharyngeal or abdominal; moderately fatal |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| causative agent of smallpox |
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Term
| virus enters mucosa through upper respiratory tract; via close contact; not so much respiratory droplets/discharges; face-to-face contact and large droplet exposure most important |
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Definition
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Term
| patient most infectious with smallpox |
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Definition
| 1st week due to oral mucosa lesions ulcerate and release large amts of virus into saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| week incubation, prodrome of 2-4 days; early rash at 4 days (most contagious) w/ lesions on extremities all at same stage; pustular rash + scabs at 5 days; resolving scabs at 6 days; resolved scabs no longer contagious |
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Term
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Definition
| live vaccinia virus; protective if given w/in a few days of exposure; if its been more than 5 years need a new vaccine |
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