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Philip the Fair needed to finance his war with England & demanded that the clergy pay taxes
Pope Boniface VII responded with the Clericos Laicos, which prohibited clergy taxation w/o papal approval |
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Boniface VIII's claim to uncompromising supremacy; claimed resistance to the pope was resistance to the will of God.
Issued in response to Philip the Fair's refusal to back down after Clericos Laicos.
Provoked the Crime of Anagni. |
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Angered by Unam Sanctum, Philip the Fair took Pope Boniface VIII prisoner for a short while.
Because of this, the next pope, Benedict XI, was careful to avoid conflict with Philip the Fair. |
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Babylonian Captivity
(1305-1378) |
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Definition
For seventy years, beginning with Clement V, the pope lived in Avignon to avoid the anarchy of Rome.
During this time, popes were somewhat controlled by France.
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When the papacy moved back to Rome, cardinals elected an Italian pope in fear of the mob. France claimed this invalid and elected a new, French pope, Clement VII, who lived in Avignon.
For forty years, there were 2 popes. |
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Definition
| In an effort to resolve the Schism, this council created another pope, Alexander V. There were now 3 popes. |
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Council of Constance
(1414-1418) |
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Definition
| ended the Great Schism with the election of Pope Martin V |
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John Wycliffe
(1328-1384) |
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Definition
Heretic Christian who believed the Bible was the only source of Christian doctrine.
Followers were called the lollards.
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Definition
Embraced Wycliffe's ideas, was condemned to death at the Council of Constance.
Followers are called the Hussites. |
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Term
Percent of urban population killed by the Black Plague
(range of estimation) |
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Definition
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| Economic Effects of the Black Plague |
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Definition
| loss of population meant temporary economic decline; also prompted a economic revolution & decline of serfdom; decrease of labor supply meant higher wages |
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| Psychological Effects of the Black Plague |
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Definition
| increased superstition; religious fanaticism (flagellants, etc); increased persecution of the Jews (blamed for plague) |
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Term
Hundred Years' War
(1337-1453) |
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Definition
| Conflict between England and France that ended with the English loss of all their territorial holdings in France; weakened the authority of the monarchy in both France and England |
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Term
Wars of the Roses
(1455-1485) |
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Definition
| Civil war in England between the house of Lancaster (symbol was a red rose) and the house of York (symbol was a white rose); struggle among membbers of the nobility and landed gentry for the throne; Lancasters won with Henry Tudor taking the throne |
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King Henry VII
(r. 1485-1509) |
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Definition
| Won at Bosworth Field (War of the Roses) to become the first of the Tudor monarchs of England; restored order and stability; brought authority back to the monarch by choosing officers from the middle class |
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King Louis XI
(r. 1461-1483) |
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Definition
| Recovered France from the 100 Years' War; brought authority back to the monarchy by choosing middle class ministers and levying taxes by decree and controlling the judicial system; created effective army |
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King Francis I
(r. 1515-1547) |
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Definition
Strengthened army; centralized finances and royal administration; increased royal authority by not summoning the Estates General and by issuing the COncordat of Bologna which authorized him to nominate bishops and other officials of the church in France.
However, he used many of his resources in unsuccessful wars |
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Term
Concordat of Bologna
(1516) |
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Definition
| Agreement between King Francis I and Pope Leo X in which Francis I was given the power to appoint bishops & other church officials in France |
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Term
Ferdinand & Isabella
(r. 1479-1516 & r. 1474-1504) |
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Definition
| King & queen of Spain who increased royal power by calling the Cortes (consultive assembly) as infrequently as possible; Spanish army became one of Europes best & Columbus discovered the New World |
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Definition
Established by Queen Isabella & Tomas de Torquemada (her confessor), it was a tribunal that was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spain; used torture in its investigations, condemned over 2000 people to be burned at the stake.
Isabella & Torquemanda were motivated by religious reasons, but Ferdinand viewed it as a powerful weapon against rebellious nobles. |
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Term
| Spanish Inquisition//the Jews |
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Definition
| Isabella & Ferdinand demanded that Jews either convert to Christianity or leave. Over 200,000 left. The ones who stayed/converted were called Marranos. The Inquisition accused them of still practicing Judaism and they were persecuted & expelled from the coutnry. |
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| Spanish Jews that converted to Christianity. Persecuted by the Spanish Inquisition. |
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| The last remaining Moslem state in the Iberian Peninsula; conquered by Spain in 1492. Gov promised Moors religious freedom, but it was revoked after they revolted in 1501. They either left the country or converted to Christianity. |
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Definition
| Spanish Moslems that converted to Christianity. Persecuted by the Inquisition, expelled from the country in 1609. |
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| Designated the 7 princes of the Holy Roman Empire as electors of the emporer. |
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Definition
| Heir to the Spanish Throne and the Holy Roman Empire. Very powerful because of all his inheritences--Austria, part of Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia, Netherlands, Duchy of Burgandy, Picccardy, Spain, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia & more. |
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