Term
|
Definition
Minor contribution to head
brain functioning
increase function or size can result in siamese twins |
|
|
Term
| "The Organizer" (gastrulation) |
|
Definition
| Group of cells responsible for formation of "body plan" (organizes pattern of gastrulation) |
|
|
Term
| Duplicated organizer function results in... |
|
Definition
| craniopagus parasiticus (duplicated head, rotated 90 degrees) |
|
|
Term
| Reduced function of the notochord results in... |
|
Definition
defective midline structures (holoprosencephaly)
Caused by disruption of Sonic hedgehog |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paraxial mesodermal balls
contribute to skin, muscle, and bone
(sclerotomes --> axial skeleton)
(dermomyotome__>dermatome-->dermis)
(dermomyotome-->myotome-->skeletal muscle) |
|
|
Term
| Lateral plate mesoderm forms... |
|
Definition
| Splanchnic and somatic mesoderm |
|
|
Term
| Inadequate production of trunk mesoderm results in... |
|
Definition
Sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome)
Not enough mesoderm formed, due to genes Tsg and BMP7 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Digestive organs located outside of body due to inadequate body folding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adjacent to trophoblast: these two tissues together are called the chorionic membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adjacent to Heuser's membrane |
|
|
Term
| Functions of Placenta (name 3) |
|
Definition
1. Exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste
2. Modulation of maternal immune system
3. Produces hormones:
A. Progesterone and estrogen
B. chorionic somatomammotropin (human placental lactogen): growth, lactation, and lipid metal;
C. human placental growth hormone, which regulates placental growth and maternal glucose levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes |
|
|
Term
What causes
Craniophagus Parasiticus |
|
Definition
Increased activity or duplication
of ORGANIZER function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased activity or increased number of
Goosecoid gene transcription factor
in the prechordal plate
|
|
|
Term
What causes
midline defects
such
Cyclopia and Holoprosencephaly |
|
Definition
Decreased activity of notochord
usually due to disruption of
Sonic Hedgehog signaling |
|
|
Term
| mesdermal derivatives from cranial to caudal |
|
Definition
| prechordal plate (head and brain) - paraxial of head (head muscle and some bone) - lateral plate of head (cardiac mesoderm) - paraxial trunk(somites) - intermediate trunk(urogenital) - lateral trunk(somatic and splanchic) - tail bud (posterior spinal cord and tail) |
|
|
Term
| what happens with overproduction of goosecoid transcription factor |
|
Definition
| human dicephalus (prechordal plate overproduction, siamese twins) |
|
|
Term
| what germ layer forms the neural tube. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what process translocates the heart, pericardial cavity and septum transversum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms from the septum transversum. |
|
Definition
| diaphragm (pleuralperitoneum folds and fuses with septum transversum, a muscle ingrowth develops inside) |
|
|
Term
| T/F plueralpericardial folds fuse together to form both the pericardial and pleural cavities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms when the cytotrophoblast extends up towards synctiatrophoblast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the dermatome (dermis)
&
the myotome (skeletal muscle) |
|
|
Term
| Sclerotome develope into.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The axial skeleton
the dermis
skeletan muscle
are all made from what mesodermal subdivision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what two layers are made from the
lateral plate mesoderm? |
|
Definition
Somatic mesoderm layer
Splanchnic mesoderm layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defective production of
trunk measoderm.
mutation in the TSG and BMP7 genes |
|
|
Term
| what is the epiblast called after gastrularion and after neurulation? |
|
Definition
after gastrulation: ectoderm
after neurulation: epidermis |
|
|
Term
| Defect in positioning of body folds (pinching off is too dorsal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What produces the villi of the placenta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the main contributor for the placenta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane formed by extraembryonic mesoderm and the two layers of trophoblast. it surrounds the embryo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintains the corpus luteum |
|
|
Term
| what maintains pregnancy after 1st trimester? |
|
Definition
| Progesterone and estrogens |
|
|
Term
| what regulates placental growth and maternal glucose levels |
|
Definition
| human plancetal growth hormone |
|
|
