Term
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Definition
| involves rupture of one or more mature ovarian follicles and the shedding of some of its contests from the surface of the ovary |
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Term
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Definition
| The remainder of a follicle after its shedding of contents under hormone influence |
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Term
| Progesterone and estrogens |
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Definition
| The corpus luteum is an important endocrine structure secrete these, which produce uterine changes facilitating the implantation and the maintenance of the conceptus |
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Term
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Definition
| Ovulation is controlled by this. mechanism of action is thought to be increased pressure within the follicle |
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Term
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Definition
| produces L.H. (glandular pituitary) |
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Term
| Germ cell, 1st polar body, zona pellucida, corona radiate |
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Definition
| structures shed from the ovary (4) |
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Term
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Definition
| in the form of a secondary oocyte, arrested in metaphase |
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Term
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Definition
| formed in the 1st meiotic division just prior to ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous envelope of mucopolysaccharide surrounding germ cell and 1st polar body |
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Term
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Definition
| a surrounding layer of follicular epithelial cells. in the horse and dog the germ cell ovulated is unusually a primary oocyte whose dicision has yet to be accomplished. |
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Term
| oocyte nucleus with nucleolus, oocyte, vitelline (oocyte) membrane, perivitelline space, 1st polar body, zona pellucida, corona radiata |
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Definition
| innermost to outermost structures (7) |
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Term
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Definition
| structures are shed from the surface of the ovary to this |
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Term
| Oviduct, fallopian tube, uterine tube |
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Definition
| From the peritoneal cavity, the ovum pass into this structure |
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Term
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Definition
| the transport of the ovum is assisted by the the action of the cilia of this structure |
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Term
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Definition
| second factor to ovum transport |
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Term
| mascular contractions of the tube |
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Definition
| once the germ cell is in the tube, passage is assisted by this and the action of its cilia. |
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Term
| (1)Infundibulum, (2)ampulla, (3)isthmus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| at insemination, millions of these male germ cells are deposited in the vagina. |
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Term
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Definition
| Although stucutrally full mature, spermatazoa have yet to undergo this (to acquire thier ability to fertilize the female germ cell) |
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Term
| Muscular contraction of female tract and motility of sperm. |
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Definition
| Fast transport time is achieved by 2 things. the cilia of the uterine tube do not assist. |
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Term
| 1-2 days. 6-7 in dogs/horses, 32 days in fowl, 70 in turkey |
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Definition
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Term
| ampulla region of uterine tube |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| time after ovulation that fertilization occurs. important factor along with sperm viability. |
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Term
| Corona radiata, zona pellucida, cell membran of oocyte |
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Definition
| 3 barries which the spermatozoon must potentially overcome to fertilize. |
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Term
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Definition
| usually already fragmenting by the time of fertilization (gone in the ox) |
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Term
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Definition
| zona pelludcida isn't a barrier because it is thought to be overcome by the action of exymes produced in this part of the sperm. |
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Term
| tail of sperm is shed and cell membranes of male and female germ cells unite. |
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Definition
| what happens to the cell membrane of the oocyte during fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| happens immediately after penetration which produces the ovum |
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Term
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Definition
| also produced during second meiotic division |
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Term
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Definition
| causes no further sperms to penetrate |
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Term
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Definition
| cortical granules in the oocyte cytoplasm align at the periphery of the oocyte, adjacent to the plasma membrane of the oocyte |
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Term
| female and male proneclei |
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Definition
| haploid joining of male and female nuclei |
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Term
| zygote (diploid) and polar bodies |
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Definition
| lie in the zona pellucida after fertilization |
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Term
|
Definition
1) penetraction of the corona radiate
2) bringing to an penetration of the zona pellucid by the spermatozoon
3)contact of the spermatozoon withe the vitelline membrane
4) zona reaction
5) entry of the spermatozoon into the ovum
6) formation and fusion of the pronuclei and zygote. |
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Term
| 2- cell zygote (2 cell stage) |
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Definition
| prior to fusion the female and male pronuclei dupilcate their DNA content and immediately on fursion their chromosomes split in the course of a normal mitotic division, resulting in formation of a |
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Term
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Definition
| more than 1 sperm penetration, 3 results in triploid embryo. common in pig and usually die in early stage. |
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Term
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Definition
| from the 2-cell stage progressive cell division occurs without overall increase in the size. all cells are still within the zona pellucida. Results in progressively smaller daughter cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller daughter cells during cleavage |
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Term
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Definition
| when the conceptus is converted into solid ball of blastomeres. little mulberry |
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Term
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Definition
| Nutrition during morula formation is from yolk droplets contained within the cytoplasm of the cells known as this |
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Term
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Definition
| up to the morula stage, the conceptus lies here freely. |
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Term
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Definition
| After the morula, this disappears and now the coceptus is free to enlarge and rapidly grows to fill the uterine lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| Intercellular fluid-filled spaces appear, then caolesce into a cavity. at this point the conceptus is termed this |
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Term
|
Definition
| the enclosed cavity of the blastocyst is called the |
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Term
|
Definition
| inner cell mass of the blastocyst |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the embryoblast gives rise to this |
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Term
|
Definition
| trohoblast forms to give this. associate with nutrition of the embryo. |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrition of the blastocyst is selective diffusion through the trophoblast derived from secretions of |
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Term
| end of week 1, end of week 2 in dogs. |
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Definition
| blastocyst stage is reached towards the end of this week. |
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Term
| end of week 1, end of week 2 in dogs. |
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Definition
| blastocyst stage is reached towards the end of this week. |
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Term
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Definition
| implanataion in the uterus. Domestic species the embryo remains loacted in the uterine lumen termed |
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Term
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Definition
| in man and guinea pig the conceptus migrates through the uterine epithelium into the substance of the endometrium |
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Term
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Definition
| in the process of implantation, structural changes in the endometrium and in the conceptus occur under the action of this substance from the corpus luteum |
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Term
| elongation of the blastocyst |
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Definition
| particularly in the pig, this occurs greatly increasing teh surface area of contact between the trophoblast and uterine epithelium. simple adhesions develop followed by the formation of junctional complexes |
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Term
pig-12
dog-18
sheep-10, completed 4-5 wks
horse- 2 months, complete 14 weeks. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| two seperate ova are fertilized. pigs and carnivores. |
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Term
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Definition
| one ovum is fertilized but divides at blastocyst stage. sometimes in man and cow |
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Term
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Definition
| fertilized ovum in peritoneal cavity and implanted into peritoneal surface. Death usually follows. sometimes in uterine tube of man (tubal pregnancy). |
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Term
| zp avoids direct contact between trophoblast and maternal epithelium and delays expansion while it is in the tube. |
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Definition
| reason why tube preg. normally doesn't occur |
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Term
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Definition
| idzygous twinning, development of common circulation by placcental anastomosis usually occurs. if opposite sex, the female is known as (intersex) |
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Term
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Definition
| process whereby the blastula which is a single-layerd structure to a trilaminar structure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inner cell mass cells/embryoblast give rise to a second layer of smaller, darker cells by the process of delamination |
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Term
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Definition
| the covering of the trophoblast cells over the embryoblast disappears. exposed cells of the embryoblast proliferate to form the |
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Term
| bilaminar germ disc/embryonic disk |
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Definition
| epiblast produces this, which is still continuous with the trohpoblast |
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Term
| trophectoderm or extraembryonic ectoderm |
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Definition
| endoderm now spreads outwards from the germ disc to line the internal aspect of the trophoblast which is named |
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Term
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Definition
| the endoderm so formed is called this. and it encases the yold sac or primitive gut |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| rapid growth of the embryonic disk occurs in an uneven manner, conerting the ovoid disk into a pear shaped structure. a whiteish line appears on the the embryonic ectodermal layer termed |
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Term
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Definition
| from the primitive streak cells invaginate between the endo and ecto of the germ disc. forms the 3rd germ layer called the |
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Term
|
Definition
| mesoderm spreads throught most of the embryonic disk as the ___ thus converting it into a trilaminar germ disk. |
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Term
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Definition
| the mesoderm spreads beyond the limits of the embryonic disk proper and gives rise to the |
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Term
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Definition
| the extraem. meso spreads between the extraem. ect and the extaem end.o, thus forming the |
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Term
| Node of Hensen or primitive node |
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Definition
| the cranial extremity of the primitve streak presents a rounded expansion termed the |
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Term
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Definition
| from the primitive node, cells invaginate and migrate forming a rod of MESODERMAL cells called the |
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Term
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Definition
| the notochord extends as far cranial as the____ (prochordal plate) and is the first indication of a future mouth |
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Term
parazial
intermediate
lateral |
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Definition
| 3 layers of intraembryonic mesoderm |
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Term
| buccopharyngeal and cloacal membranes |
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Definition
| 2 circular zones of the disc that are not invaded by mesoderm remain bilaminar and are termed |
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Term
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Definition
| Beginning cranially, transverse fissures appear in the PARAXIAL region of the mesoderm to produce paired blocks of mesodermal cells which are called |
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Term
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Definition
| usually there is one pair of somites per _____ and ___ in the head. |
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Term
| skeletal, muscular, and dermal elements |
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Definition
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Term
sclerotome
myotome
dermatome |
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Definition
| 3 parts of differnetiating elements in somites |
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Term
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Definition
| INTERMEDIATE mesoderm forms precursors for kidney and some parts of the genital system. Referred to as |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms parts of the body wall except musculature and ribs |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms most of the gastrointestinal tract located in the thorax and abdomen |
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Term
| exocoelom, extraembyonic coelom |
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Definition
| the EXTRAem. MESODERM starts to split into 2 layers separated by a cavity called the |
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Term
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Definition
| the exocoelom cavity within the mesoderm spreads gradually to involve the lateral plate mesoderm within the embryo, thus froming the |
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Term
|
Definition
| the ectoderm/medoderm layer is termed |
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Term
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Definition
| the endoderm/mesoderm layer is the |
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Term
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Definition
| the intraembryonic coelom thus formed within the lateral plate mesoderm is the future |
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Term
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Definition
| the intraembryonic coelom thus formed within the lateral plate mesoderm is the future |
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Term
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Definition
| from the intraembryonic coelom on either side spreads cranial to untie the midline, cranial to the buccopharyngeal membrane. thus the entire _____ Is horseshoe shaped |
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Term
| pericardial cavity; pleural cavity |
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Definition
| the midline region is the future____; while the narrow intermediate region is the primitive |
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Term
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Definition
| the flat structure of the embryogenic part of the gastrula developes into a tubular structure shortly after the ____ appear, initially in the ____ region |
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Term
| one tube insdie the other |
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Definition
| Basic pattern of the adult vertebrate |
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Term
| body wall (ecto and meso) |
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Definition
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Term
| digestive tube (meso and endo) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| space between the inner and outer tubes (digestive and body wall) |
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Term
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Definition
| the ____ serves as the inductor of the formation of the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening of the ectoderm over the cranial end of the notochord to form the ______ ______ (precursor to the brain) |
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Term
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Definition
| neural plate folds and forms the ____ ____ (later differentiates into the major parts of the brain) |
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Term
|
Definition
| appearance of ____________________ on the dorsolateral sides of the nerual tube. |
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Term
- pigmented cells
-glial cells of cns
-chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
-neurelemocytes (schwann cells)of periphrial nerves
(4) |
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Definition
| neural crest cells give rise to |
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Term
|
Definition
| Early features of the head #1 |
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Term
| most advanced part of the body |
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Definition
| Early features of the head #2 |
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Term
| specific modifications of the basic cylindrical pattern are first seen in this region, even before the body was in the more caudal areas. |
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Definition
| early features of the head #3 |
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Term
| cr. end frows up and forward, then folds back (head fold) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| at same time as #1, lateral folding of ectoderm on each side |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cr. end exto encompasses meso |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 lat. folds fuse w/ eachother ventrally results in cylindrical outgrowth. rostral end is closed cuz of forward growth |
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Definition
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Term
| cylin. outgrowth is the head |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| head #5, inner tube is the |
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Term
| ectoderm covering head is continuous w/ rest of ecto |
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Definition
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|
Term
| head is elongated by continued growth and folding |
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Definition
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Term
| incorporates the first several pr of somites to form the musculo-skeletal sructures of the head. |
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Definition
| head #8 cadual part of head |
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Term
|
Definition
| brain subdivisions of prosencephalon |
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Term
cerebral cortex
basal nuclei
limbic system |
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Definition
| derivatives of prosencephalon (telencephalon) |
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Term
|
Definition
associated ventricles of prosencephalon
(telencephalon) |
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Term
epithalamus
thalamus
hypothalamus |
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Definition
| major derivatives of diencephalon (prosen) |
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Term
|
Definition
| associated ventricles of dien (prosen) |
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Term
| mesencephalon (mid brain) |
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Definition
| Brain subdivision of mesencephalon |
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Term
tectum
corpora quadrigemina
tegmentum
cerebral peduncles |
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Definition
| major derivatives of mesencephalon |
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Term
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Definition
| associated vetnricle of mesen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| metencephalon and myelencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| major derivatives of meten (rhomben) |
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Term
| rostral part of 4th ventricle |
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Definition
| associated ventricle of meten (rhomben) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Major derivatives of myelencephalon (rhomben) |
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Term
| cd. part of 4th ventricle |
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Definition
| associated ventricle of myelencephalon (rhomben) |
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Term
| curved cylindrical structure |
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Definition
| result of body folding. embryo goes from flat disc to |
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Term
|
Definition
| lat. and ventral body walls develop by folding of the |
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Term
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Definition
| the ___ is formed by being nipped off from the yolk sac and trapped within the developing body of the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| the gut communicated with the yold sac at first widely and later narrowly by the ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| result of folding: the embryo is completely surrounded by the |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of structures are bunched together at mid-abdominal level. these structures are the |
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