Term
1. What is enamel and are its major features? |
|
Definition
crystalline material that is hardest calcified tissue in the body.
Features are: avascular, nonvital, can undergo mineralization changes,96% inorganic 1% organic 3% water |
|
|
Term
State its major component and its chemical formula. |
|
Definition
Calcium Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Structure consists of calcium surrounded by phosphate and hydroxy groups |
|
|
Term
List the other minerals in enamel. |
|
Definition
| carbonate, magnesium, potassium, fluoride |
|
|
Term
Where is enamel located on the mature tooth? |
|
Definition
| clinically on the anatomic crown |
|
|
Term
Discuss the coloration of enamel in relationship to dentin and cementum, as well as its radiographic appearance. |
|
Definition
| enamel is white color compared to dentin and cementum which is a yellowish color. On radiographs the enamel is radiopaque and the pulp and dentin is more radiolucent |
|
|
Term
Discuss attrition, erosion, caries, and abfraction and how they are related to the enamel. |
|
Definition
| attrition: tooth on tooth erosion: chemical destroying abrasion: toothbrush on tooth caries: bacterial producing acid abfracion: forces due to occlusal issues. |
|
|
Term
What is amelogenesis, and during what stage of tooth development does it occur? |
|
Definition
| the process of enamel matrix. Apposition stage |
|
|
Term
What produces enamel, and in what form? |
|
Definition
| ameloblasts, enamel matrix. Tomes process secretes ameloblasts |
|
|
Term
Describe the antomy of the ameloblast. |
|
Definition
| columnar cells made from ectoderm 4 micrometers in diametes and 40 in length |
|
|
Term
What is an ameloblast derived from, and what type of product does it produce? |
|
Definition
| ectoderm - Inner enamel epithelium - produce enamel matrix |
|
|
Term
Discuss enamel pearls and enamel dysplasia. |
|
Definition
misplaced ameloblasts forming near bifurcated roots.
enamel dysplasia - faulty development of enamel |
|
|
Term
Explain the protection given by enamel sealants and the role of pits and grooves in the formation of caries. |
|
Definition
| pits and grooves attract biofilm and bacteria sealants cover those areas |
|
|
Term
Why does the polishing agent used on the enamel surface make a difference? |
|
Definition
| removes stain. Helps enamel stay healthy by not being abrasive |
|
|
Term
How does the process of the maturation of enamel occur? |
|
Definition
| ameloblasts actively pump calcium hydroxy apatite withdrawing organic materials. 1st wave happens at occlusion 2nd wave laps over and moves cervically |
|
|
Term
What is the reduced enamel epithelium, and how is it formed? |
|
Definition
| ameloblasts become REE after apposition and maturation of enamel. Ree fuses with mucosa creating a canal for tooth to come through. ameloblasts are disintegrated when this happens |
|
|
Term
Discuss fluoride and its significance in relationship to the enamel. |
|
Definition
| fluoride remineralizes enamel |
|
|
Term
What are the componets of mature enamel? |
|
Definition
| enamel Rods, interprismic region |
|
|
Term
Discuss the dentinoenamel junction, lines of Retizius, imbrication lines, and perikymata. |
|
Definition
| 1. between mature enamel and denton used to be basement membrane most pronounced on chewing surfaces where occlusal force is greatest. 2. Bands of cross striations of enamel. 3. lines formed when working and inactive |
|
|
Term
Explain the neonatal line, enamel spindles, enamel tufts, and enamel lamellae. |
|
Definition
1. accentuated line of retzius formed during trama of birth.
2. short dentinal tubules
3. less areas of mineralization in inner 1/3 of enamel
4. partially calcified vertical sheets |
|
|
Term
Discuss the considerations for the enamel during cavity preparation and whitening of the teeth. |
|
Definition
|
|
