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Embryology Chp 11
Head and Neck structures
35
Biology
Undergraduate 3
11/05/2009

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Term

What are a gland and duct?

Definition

gland = structure that produces chemical

duct = passageway for chemical to be dumped into target location

Term

What is the difference between and exocrine and endocrine gland?

Definition

exocrine = has a duct

endocrine = no duct

Term

What does the salivary gland produce, and what is its function?

Definition
saliva, lubricates and cleanses the oral mucosa, protecting it from dryness and potential carcinogens.
Term

What does this salivary gland product contain?

Definition
minerals, buffers, enzymes,immunoglobulins, metabokic wastes
Term

Describe the histology of salivary gland.

Definition
composed of epithelium and connective tissue.
Term

Contrast the mucous and serous cells and the products they produce.

Definition

Mucous cells have a cloudier-looking cytoplasm and produce mucous.

Serous have a clear cytoplasm and produce serous.

Term

What are the three forms of acini, and how are they different from each other?

Definition

serous acini - serous producing cells narrow lumen

mucous acini - mucous cells lumen is wider

mucoserous acini - group of mucous cells and serous cells - mixed product.

Term

Explain the appearance, location, and function of myoepithelial cells.

Definition
located on the surface of the acini as well as in the ducts. look like an octopus on a rock. They contract forcing the fluid out of the pod structure.
Term

Describe the different portions of the ductal system, including their histology.

Definition

lined with epithelial cells. Intercalated ducts - attached to acinus

striated ducts - attached to intercalated ducts - resorb and secrete electrolytes into blood

excretory ducts - last duct b4 saliva empties into cavity.

Term

Name the three major salivary glands and their locations.

Definition

parotid - near mandibular ramus

submandibular - beneath mandible

sublingual - anterior to submandibular

Term

What does each major salivary gland produce?

Definition

parotid - serous

submandibular - serous and mucous

sublingual - mucous tiny bit of serous

Term

What is the difference between a major and minor salivary gland?

Definition
minor are smaller and have unamed ducts
Term

List the locations of the minor salivary glands.

Definition
buccal, labial, lingual mucosa, floor of the mouth
Term

Discuss von Ebner’s salivary glands.

Definition
produces serous fluid. come from circumvallete papillae
Term

Explain the development of the salivary glands.

Definition

6th and 8th week of prenatal development.  buds of ectodermal lining from primitive mouth. buds grow into messenchyme producing acini and duct system.

parotid - 6th week - secretes - 18 weeks

submandibular - 6th week - 16 weeks secretion

sublingual - 8th week - secretion 24-35th week

Term

Discuss xerostomia, mucoceles, ranulas, and nicotinic stomatitis.

Definition

xerostomia - dry mouth

mucoceles - cyst within the gland

ranula - cyst or stone blocking duct

nicotinic stomatitis - whitened palate from hyperkeratinization - caused from heat or tobacco use

Term

Describe the location and function of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Definition

thyroid - inferior to thyroid cartilage. Produces thyroxine (stimulates metabolic rate)

parathyroid glands - 4-8 small endocrine glands 2 on each side of thyroid.

Term

Outline the histology of the thyroid gland.

Definition
follicles consist of simple cuboidal epithelium. thyroid covered in connective tissue.
Term

Discuss the development of the thyroid gland.

Definition
first endocrine gland to arrive. comes from endoderm invaded by messenchymal cells. 24th day of prenatal development.
Term

Explain the appearance and ramifiations of a goiter.

Definition
enlarged thyroid glands. firm and tender when palpated and contains hard masses.
Term

What are the lymphatics, and what is their function?

Definition
part of the immune system. help fight diease
Term

Describe the lymphatic system.

Definition
network of lymphatic vessels linking lymph nodes throughout the body. Tonsillar tissue in oral cavity and pharynx is also part of lymphatic tissue
Term

What is a lymph node, and what is its function?

Definition
bean shaped bodies grouped in clusters along connecting lymph vessels, positioned to filter toxic products from the lymph to prevent entry into the blood stream
Term

Outline the anatomy of a lymph node.

Definition
come in through afferent vessels. consists of lymphatic nodules, trabeculae, germinal center, capsule, and out the efferent vessel
Term

Describe the histology of a lymph node.

Definition
organized lymphoid tissue. surrounded by connective tissue called trabeculae.
Term

How did lymph nodes develop?

Definition
develop from blood vessels by a process of budding and fusion of isolated mesenchymal cells
Term

What are tonsillar tissues, and where are they located?

Definition
nonencapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue. lamina propria of oral mucosa.
Term

What is the function of tonsillar tissues?

Definition
remove toxic products. 1st line of defense. in air and food passage ways.
Term

Name the three intraoral tonsillar tissues and discuss their histology.

Definition

Palatine tonsils - fused together lymphatic nodules that have germinal centers. 10 - 20 invaginations or crypts.

Lingual tonsils - lymphatic nodules - 1 crypt

Pharyngeal tonsil - behind uvula

Term

What are the clinical considerations concerning lymph nodes?

Definition
lymphadenopathy - increased size in cell when patient is sick or has a disease.
Term

Outline the anaotmy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Definition
nasal cavity, nares(nostrils), nasal septum, nasal conchae
Term

Describe the histology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Definition
lined with respiratory mucosa. consists of psuedostratified columnar epithelium with cilia - contains goblet cells
Term

Explain the development of the paranasal sinuses.

Definition

max sinus - small at birth fully grown when teeth come in.

ethmoid - few present

Term

Discuss sinusitis.

Definition
nasal cavity and paranasal sinus inflamation and space congested with mucous
Term

Why does sinusitis need to be considered in a differential diagnosis of maxillary tooth pain?

Definition
maxillary teeth are close and sit on the teeth therefore causing pain.
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