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EM Elytes
Emergency Medicine Electrolytes
13
Medical
Post-Graduate
01/21/2009

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Cards

Term
Si/Sx of hypocalcemia
Definition
Sx: Paresthesias, perioral tingling, peripheral spasms, N/V, nervousness, weakness, mm stiffness & cramps, dysphagia, abd pain
Signs:
Tetany:
-chvostek's sign: facial n. tapping
-Trousseaus sign: cclusion of brachial artery with BP cuff for 3 minutes, (+) test suggest carpopedal spams
Term
Rx that can cause hypocalcemia
Definition
Gentamycin
cis-platinum
Ethylene Glycol
Colchicine
EDTA
Protamine
Mithramycin
Dilantin
Phenobarbital
Transfusion with citrated blood
Term
Evaluation of hypocalcemia
Definition
Labs: Total Serum Calcium low, Ionized Calcium low, Corrected Serum Calcium low, Serum phophate high, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) high
Term
Medical causes of hypocalcemia
Definition
Hypoparathyroidism
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) High
Pancreatitis
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypovitaminosis D
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Medications
Term
Total body water
Definition
TBW 60% of Total body weight
IC 2/3 total (K+ major cation)
EC 1/3 total (Na major cation)
Term
Albumin w/calcium
Definition
Decr serum albumin by 1gm/dL will decrease Ca+ 0.8 mg/dL
Term
K+ needed to increase serum by 1meq/L
Definition
Acute hypokalemia: 40 meq-> increase 1 meq/L serum
Chronic: 150 meq -> increase 1 meq/L serum
Term
Mg+ toxicity presentation
Definition
Absent DTR, bradycardia, resp. depression
Term
Rx: Mg+ toxicity antidote
Definition
Ca+ gluconate 10% 1-10 ml (1grm) IVP *Check!*
Term
Ca+ is involved in which physiological fxns?
Definition
Coagulation, platelet aggregation, hormone secretion, depolarization of electric cells, fxn fo contractile prot, regulation of intracellular enzyme activity
Term
What elyte abnormality is a potential complication of rickets tx?
Definition
Hypocalcemia from Vit D administration
Term
4 types of lactic acidosis
Definition
Type A - Inadequate tissue perfussion
Type B1- 2ry to DM, ARF, Hep Failure, sepsis, reyes, Sz
Type B2- 2ry to drugs, EtOH, MEtOH, fructose, sorbitol
Type B3- Inborn error of metabolism, Type 1 glucogen storage dz
Term
Correction of serum Ca+ for albumin
Definition
1.No correction needed for ionized calcium
2.Calculation 1:
Serum Calcium / (0.6 + (Total Protein/8.5))
3.Calculation 2:
Calcium + ((Normal Albumin - Serum Albumin) x 0.8)
Where normal albumin is often 4.0

Normal values:
-Serum Calcium: 8 to 10 mg/dl
-Ionized (free) Calcium: 4 to 5.6 mg/dl
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