Term
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Definition
| Act of Supremacy: less independent than Henry's b/c she was female. Supreme Governor only, no priestly function, authority given to parliament - compromise of power. Moderate catholics satisfied. |
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Term
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Definition
| enforced the new Prayerbook. Based on the 1552 Prayerbook but the Black Rubric was removed and communion was vague. Punishment for clergy who did not use it and fines for recusancy. The act faced opposition in Parliament from Catholics - just passed with 3 votes. |
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Term
| Catholic Threat - 1566-70 |
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Definition
1566: Parker's advertisements emphasised traditional practices
1568: Arrival of MQOS in England
1569: Revolt of the Northern Earls - aimed to marry MQOS to Norfolk. Mass executions and punishment raids in Norther England + Scotland
1570: Papal Bull - excommunicating Eliz. Potentially disastrous but came too late, so Catholics still mostly conformed |
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Term
| Catholic Threat - 1571-72 |
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Definition
1571: Treason Act - Elizabeth's response. Treason to deny the supremacy. Banned the import of crosses/beads.
1571: Ridolfi Plot - Alva to send an army to help Norfolk marry MQOS and dethrone Eliz. Confirmed Philip as a major threat.
1572: Pope Gregory urged an invasion, but Treaty of Blois and Spain being busy made this unlikely. |
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Term
| Catholic Threat - 1583 - 1585 |
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Definition
1583: Throckmorton Plot - palnned to murder Eliz. and put MQOS on the throne with Spanish support.
1585: Act against 'Jesuits, seminary priests and other such disobedient persons' Priests had 40 days to leave or die. |
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Term
| 1588-1603 Decline of the Catholic Threat |
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Definition
After the Spanish Armada the catholic threat largely died down. There was also internal divisions among Catholics.
1593: Act against Popish Recusants - movement of recusants limited to 5 miles from home, no bail for suspected Jesuits |
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Term
| Puritan Reaction to the Elizabethan Settlement |
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Definition
| Opposed the Settlement - they were anti-Episcopal (wanted hierarchy elected from below) and believed monarch shouldn't be head of church. This was threatening to Eliz. Puritans hoped for further change. |
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Term
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Definition
1571: Puritan members of Parliament planned a strong reform campaign - Strickland Bill to amend the prayerbook, ban wedding rings, kneeling at communion. Was quashed by the PC.
1576: Peter Wentworth led attacks in parliament on clerical abuses and demanded more preaching. The Convocation responded by passing canons to improve clergy quality.
1577: Grindal suspended for refusing to suppress prophesying. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1583: Death of Grindal, Whitgift AoC. Anti-puritan, he issued the Three Articles: minsters to accept supremacy, anglican prayerbook to be used, episcopacy, 39 articles. |
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Term
| Decline of the Puritan Threat |
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Definition
1588: 'Martin Marprelate' pamphlets spread across London; satire from secret presses. Counterproductive to the Puritan image.
1591: All leading Puritans dead. Cartwright was imprisoned by Star Chamber and Presbyterianism crushed. |
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Term
| Elizabeth's Privy Council |
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Definition
Heart of the government, resided over by William Cecil. Slimmed down over years. Usually worked in committees, sometimes as a body. Mostly Burghley, Cecil, Leicester, Walsingham.
Purpose: keep law and order, punish offenders, defend realm, raise money. Hardworking, but duties v. varied so not always efficient
Argued w/ Eliz: 1562 meeting MQOS
Argued within PC: 1567 marriage to Charles of Austria |
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Term
| Elizabeth's Parliament - religion |
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Definition
| Puritans had pushed through a more Protestant settlement in 1559 than Elizabeth wanted. But perhaps Eliz. agreed a more protestant settlement to counter the Catholic threat in the House of Lords. Parliament never united on religion and presented a divided and weak front to the queen. |
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Term
| Elizabeth's Parliament - Marriage, Succession and Freedom of Speech |
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Definition
She had many potential husbands - Dudley, Anjou, Alencon..but felt would be better if she was unmarried - she didn't want a husband taking over, and wanted to maintain the virgin queen cult. It was also useful for diplomacy.
1563: Both houses asked her to marry, name a successor. Again 3 years later. Elizabeth saw these issues as matters of 'royal prerogative' but Parliament disagreed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not enough to cover expenditure. Customs yielded more but not fully exploited. By 1590s extraordinary taxation common |
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Term
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Definition
1558: At first doubts about a female ruler
1570s: beginnings of 'hero worship'
Portraits, poems and plays used as propaganda to promote Gloriana
After death: referred to as 'golden days' |
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Term
| Poverty and Vagrancy Causes |
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Definition
Rising Population
Enclosure of common land
land lords exploiting rent
dependence on overseas markets |
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Term
| Poverty and Vagrancy Acts |
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Definition
1598 Act for Poor Reliefs: church wardens to look after poor- make children apprentices, tax the poor rate. Licensed begging only
1598: Act repealed previous vagrancy acts. Vagabonds to be whipped then sent back to their place of origin. |
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