Term
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Definition
| the arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule |
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Term
| electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| a form of energy that has awave characteristics and that propagates through a vacuum at the characteristic speed of 3.00*10^8 m/s |
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Definition
| the distance between identical points on successive waves |
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Definition
| the number of times per second that one complete wavelength passes a given point |
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Definition
| the smallest increment of radiant energy that may be absorbed or emitted the magnitude of radiant energy is hv |
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Term
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Definition
| the constant that relates the energy and frequency of a photon E = hv; equals 6.626*10^-34 J-s |
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Definition
| the emissions of electrons from a metal surface induced by light |
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Term
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Definition
| the distribution among various wavelengths of the radiant energy emitted or absorbed by an object |
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Definition
| a spectrum that contains radiation distributed over all wavelengths |
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Term
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Definition
| a spectrum that contains radiation at only certain specific wavelengths |
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Definition
| the lowest energy, or most stable, state |
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Term
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Definition
| a higher energy state than the ground state |
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Definition
| the term used to describe the wave characteristics of a moving particle |
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Term
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Definition
| the product of the mass and velocity of an object |
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Term
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Definition
| a principle stating there is an inherent uncertainty in the precision with which we can simultaneously specify the position and momentum of a particle this uncertainty is significant only for particles of extremely small mass, such as electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| a mathematical description of an allowed energy state (an orbital) |
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Term
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Definition
| a value the represents the probability that an electron will be found at a given point in space |
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Term
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Definition
| the probability of finding tan electron at any particular point in an atom; this probability is equal to the square of the wave function |
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Term
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Definition
| an allowed energy state of an electron in the quantum mechanical model of the atom; the term orbital is also used to describe the spatial distribution of the electron; an orbital is defind the the values of three quantum numbers: n, l, and ml |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of orbitals that have the same value of n |
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Term
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Definition
| one or more orbitals with the same set of quantum numbers n and l |
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Term
| radial probability function |
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Definition
| the probability that the electron will be found at a certain distance from the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| points in an atom at which the electron density is zero; for example the node in a 2s orbital is spherical surface |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which two or more orbitals have the same energy |
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Term
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Definition
| a property of the electron that makes it behave as though it were a tiny magnet; the electron behaves as if it were spinning on its axis; electron spin is quantized |
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Term
| spin magnetic quantum number |
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Definition
| a quantum number associated with the electron spin |
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Term
| Pauli exclusion principle |
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Definition
| a rule stating that no two electrons in an atom may have the same four quantum numbers; as a reflection of this principle, there can be no more than two electrons in any one atomic orbital |
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Term
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Definition
| the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom or molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| a rule stating that electrons occupy degenerate orbitals in such a way as to maximize the number of electrons with the same spin; in other words, each orbital has one electron placed in it before pairing of electrons in orbitals occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| the outermost electrons of an atom; those that occupy orbitals not occupied in the nearest noble-gas element of lower atomic number; the valence electrons are the ones the atom uses in bonding |
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Term
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Definition
| the electrons that are not in the outermost shell of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| an element from within the s and p blocks of the periodic table |
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Term
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Definition
| elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table |
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Term
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Definition
| elements in which the d orbitals are partially occupied |
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Term
| lanthanide (rare earth) elements |
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Definition
| element in which the 4f subshell is only partially occupied |
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Term
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Definition
| element in which the 5f orbitals are only partially occupied |
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Term
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Definition
| lanthanide and actinide elements in which the 4f and 5f orbitals are partially occupied |
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