Term
| Elbow is enclosed within the capsule of what articulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes the elbow prone to overuse injuries |
|
Definition
| stability of the elbow complex gives it very little in the way of compensatory adjustments |
|
|
Term
| what is the primary function of the elbow complex |
|
Definition
| work together with teh shoulder to position the hand for functional actiities |
|
|
Term
| Elbow practice pattern 4E (4) |
|
Definition
impaired jt mobility
motor function
mm performance
range of motion associated with localized inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Olecranon bursitis is seen in what age group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Olecranon bursitis: onset |
|
Definition
traumatic
gradual in chronic cases |
|
|
Term
| Olecranon bursitis: pain and ROM |
|
Definition
| noted with AROM and PROM extreme flexion |
|
|
Term
| Olecranon bursitis: acute mgmt |
|
Definition
PRICEmem
Protect, Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate, Manual therapy, Early Mobilization |
|
|
Term
| Olecranon bursitis: alternative mgmt |
|
Definition
| aspiration and/or cortisone injections |
|
|
Term
| Olecranon bursitis: problem with aspiration and cortisone injections |
|
Definition
| gives bacteria an open wound to infect |
|
|
Term
| Biceps/Triceps Tendinosis: typically seen in what athletic populations |
|
Definition
weight lifters
gymnasts
throwing
racquet sports |
|
|
Term
| Biceps/Triceps Tendinosis: how to dx |
|
Definition
through pain location
active, passive, and resisted mm testing |
|
|
Term
| Biceps/Triceps Tendinosis: may progress to what? |
|
Definition
| tendon rupture at radial tuberosity or olecranon |
|
|
Term
| Biceps/Triceps Tendinosis: mgmt |
|
Definition
PRICEMEM
Closed Chain Strength training
Friction Massage
Shoulder and Scap strengthening |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: age range affected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: most frequent tendon involvement |
|
Definition
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: what type of tendon pathology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: MOI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: onset |
|
Definition
| usually insidious and related to increased wrist extensor activity associated with grasping. |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: common complaints |
|
Definition
| morning stiffness and diffuse aching |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: active movements |
|
Definition
| generally painless but may experience pain with wrist flexion and elbow extension |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: passive movements |
|
Definition
| full wrist flexion with ulnar deviation, elbow extension, and forearm pronation painful |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: resisted testing |
|
Definition
| wrist extension with elbow extension painful |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: palpation |
|
Definition
| tenderness commonly noted over the anterior aspect of the lateral epicondyle followed by tenderness over the radial head and possibly the mm belly |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Acute Intervention: 6 general interventions |
|
Definition
Ice/Ice massage
Rest
Gentle Stretching
Modalities
Strength Traning
Cervical/Thoracic Mobilization |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Acute Interventions: Ice/Ice Massage how often |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Acute Interventions: Rest refers to what specifically |
|
Definition
activity modification, avoid provocative movements
Bracing in extreme cases may be indicated (may require 2-3 weeks) |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Acute Interventions: gentle stretching refers to what |
|
Definition
| wrist flexion with ulnar deviation, elbow extension, pronation |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Acute Interventions: modalities referse to what (3) |
|
Definition
phonophoresis
iontophoresis
pulsed ultrasound |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Acute Interventions: considerations with strength training |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Acute Interventions: cervical/thoracic mobilizations especially where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: (8) |
|
Definition
Activity modification/rest
Ultrasound
Friction massage/stretching
Anti-inflammatory agents
Prgoressive strength straining
Counter-force bracing
Correct faulty mechanics
Cervical/Thoracic mobs |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: anti-inflammatory agents refers to what |
|
Definition
phonophoresis
iontophoresis |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: correct faulty mechanics refers to what (5) |
|
Definition
relax grip
larger grip
smaller racquet
pre-activity stretching
rest periosd |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: when is surgical intervention indicated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: surgical interventions include |
|
Definition
epicondylectomy
Debridement of necrotic tissue |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: post-surgical rehab |
|
Definition
| progressive post-operative resistance training program |
|
|
Term
| Medial Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medial Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: associated with what activities |
|
Definition
wrist flexor activity
golf
pitching
swimming
occupations requiring frquent forceful gripping |
|
|
Term
| Medial Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: mm at fault (5) |
|
Definition
pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum superficialis
Palmaris longus |
|
|
Term
| Medial Epicondylitis: Chronic Interventions: tx |
|
Definition
| stretching by elbow extension, wrist and finger extension, forearm supination |
|
|
Term
| Elbow practice pattern 4D (4) |
|
Definition
impaired jt mobility
motor function
muscle performance
range of motion associated with connective tissue dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Instability of the elbow jt refers to what specifically |
|
Definition
| medical collateral ligament insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| Medical collateral ligemant insuffiency (Instability) is typically caused by what |
|
Definition
| chronic attenuation of valgus and external rotation forces as experienced in pitching or a tennis serve |
|
|
Term
| Medical collateral ligemant insuffiency (Instability) acute MOI |
|
Definition
| traumate d/t a FOOSH injury |
|
|
Term
| Medical collateral ligemant insuffiency (Instability) c/o |
|
Definition
| pain at the ligament origin common and positive valgus stress testing |
|
|
Term
| Ligamentous Injuries Interventions: standard acute injury protocol |
|
Definition
| rest and activity modificatino to reduce inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Ligamentous Injuries Interventions: strengthening of what musculature in cases of ulnar collateral ligament attenuation |
|
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis |
|
|
Term
| Ligamentous Injuries Interventions: PROM |
|
Definition
| perform in pain free range with gradual increase forces at end range |
|
|
Term
| Ligamentous Injuries Interventions: avoid what types of exercises |
|
Definition
| producing a valgus force at the elbow |
|
|
Term
| Ligamentous Injuries Interventions: what type of injections for partial tears that fail conservative therapy |
|
Definition
| plasma rich platelet (PRP) |
|
|
Term
| Ligamentous Injuries Interventions: Failure of conservative tx can indicate reconstruction surgery, usign what mm for stabilization |
|
Definition
Plamaris longus
Extensor pollicis |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: typically involves which portion of the UCL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common surgery prformed on throwing athlete |
|
Definition
| ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: would uses what mm for a free tendon graft (3) |
|
Definition
| ITB, palmaris longus, plantaris |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: when is it used? |
|
Definition
| after failure of conservative measures in well-motivated athletes |
|
|
Term
| what is a good indication of an ulnar collateral ligament tear for a throwing athlete |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: surgical complication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Rehab: 0-3 weeks |
|
Definition
control inflammation
scar mobilization
PROM/AROM
Functional bracing |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Rehab: 4-8 weeks |
|
Definition
progressive increase in AROM
mm strengthing (light PRE)
jt mobilization |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Rehab: 9-13 |
|
Definition
| increase strength, endurance, power, progressive return to sport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fall on an outstretched hand |
|
|
Term
| Elbow dislocations: which directions do they occur in? most common direction? |
|
Definition
anterior or posterior
posterior-lateral being most common |
|
|
Term
| Elbow dislocations: other s/s |
|
Definition
| neurological s/s and fx not uncommon |
|
|
Term
| Elbow dislocations: outcomes pending an uncomplicated reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elbow dislocations interventions: pending MD approval |
|
Definition
| early mobilization/movement found to improve outcomes (Sling 3-4 days, followed by a hinged bracing) |
|
|
Term
| Elbow dislocations interventions: red flags |
|
Definition
| s/s of RSD (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)/Complex Regional Pain syndrome and nn injuries |
|
|
Term
| Elbow dislocations interventions: avoid excess aggression |
|
Definition
| chronic instability or hetertrophic bone formation |
|
|
Term
| Elbow dislocations interventions: when can they return to sport |
|
Definition
| until strength 85-90% of uninvolved side |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions aka |
|
Definition
bone spurs
osteophytes
loos bodies
valgus extension overload syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: classifications (3) |
|
Definition
medial tension
lateral compression
valgus extension overlaod |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: medial tension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: lateral compression (3) |
|
Definition
radiocapitellar chondromalacia
loose body formation
osteochondritis dessicans |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: valgus extension overload |
|
Definition
| posteromedial olecranon osteophyte formation |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: exam findings: ROM |
|
Definition
| loss of A/PROM in non-capsular pattern (same direction) extension common |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: exam findings: end feel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: exam findings: jt sounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: exam findings: symptom reproduction |
|
Definition
| compression of articular surfaces |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: Interventions |
|
Definition
Attempt to treat symptomatically
Restore ROM, jt play, strength as tolerated
Cortison injections may be beneficial |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: interventions: caution with therapy |
|
Definition
| do not force ROM, creates further articular damage |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral Lesions: intervention if conservative measures fail |
|
Definition
| surgical intervention (arthroscopy) |
|
|
Term
| Post-Immobilization Capsular Tightness/Contractures: ROM |
|
Definition
flexion more limited than extension (capsular pattern)
A/PROM limited and painful same direction |
|
|
Term
| Post-Immobilization Capsular Tightness/Contractures: cautino with interventions |
|
Definition
| recognize the placement of internal fixators and precautions associated with surgeries |
|
|
Term
| Post-Immobilization Capsular Tightness/Contractures: tx (8) |
|
Definition
thermal agents
active exercise
mobilization
stretching
strengthening
home program
ice/stim post tx
functional progression |
|
|
Term
| Elbow practice patterns 4f and 5f |
|
Definition
impaired jt mobility
motor function
mm performance
ROM
Reflex integrity secondary to spinal disorders
Peripheral nn entrapment
Compartment syndrome
Myofascial pain dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Potential nerves entrapment at the elbow (3) |
|
Definition
ulnar (C8-T1)
median (C5-T1)
radial (C6-C8) |
|
|
Term
| Nerve Entrapment at Elbow: where may the ulnar nerve be compromised |
|
Definition
cubital tunnel
between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris with repetive flexion and ulnar deviation |
|
|
Term
| Nerve Entrapment at Elbow: is ulnar nerve subluxation uncommon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve Entrapment at Elbow: where may the median nn be compressed |
|
Definition
| two heads of pronator teres with forceful repetitive pronation or under the lacertus fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| Nerve Entrapment at Elbow: where may the radial nn be compressed |
|
Definition
| compression of the posterior interosseous branch (PIN) can occur at the arcade of Frohse (proximal to the supinator with forceful repetive supination and pronation |
|
|
Term
| Nerve Entrapment at Elbow: after rest what should tx include (4) |
|
Definition
address mm imbalances
stretching of tight tissues/neuromobs
Massage
Cortisone may be administered by MD |
|
|
Term
| Nerve Entrapment at Elbow: intervention if conservative measures fail |
|
Definition
| surgical release or transposition of the nerve is indicated |
|
|
Term
| Elbow Practice Pattern 4G and 4H |
|
Definition
Impaired jt mobility
Motor function
Muscle performance
Rnage of motion
associated with fx, and bony or soft tissue surgicla procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supracondyler/intercondyler of distal humerus
olecranon
radial head fractures
monteggio
essex-lopresti |
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: supracondyler/intercondyler of distal humerus: associated s/s and impairments (5) |
|
Definition
ROM loss
fibrosis
myositis ossificans
articular damage
nerve injury |
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: olecranon fractures: MOI |
|
Definition
| direct fall on the elbow or a hyperextension injury |
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: radial head fx: MOI |
|
Definition
| caused by a fall on the outstretched hand with the elbow flexed slightly and the forearm supinated |
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: 18% of all elbow trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: what is a monteggia fracture |
|
Definition
| fracture of the ulna and dislocation of the proximal end of the radius |
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: how is a montegia fracture managed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: essex-lopresti fx MOI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: describe an essex-lopresti fx |
|
Definition
| fracture of the radial head with the proximal migration of the radius and disruption of the interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: essex-lopresti fx mgmt |
|
Definition
| surgically with castingx6weeks |
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: complications (6) |
|
Definition
Loss of Motion
Myositis ossificans (heterotrophic ossifcation)
Malalignment
Neurovascular compromise
Ligamentous injury
CRPS |
|
|
Term
| Elbow fx: general mgmt concepts (2) |
|
Definition
| after controlling inflammatory phase, manage as per post immobilization capsular tightness/contractures |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: (4) |
|
Definition
Panner's disease
supracondylar fx
little leaguer's elbow
pulled elbow |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: what is Panner's disease (2) |
|
Definition
osteochondritis
avascular necrosis of the epiphysis related to direct trauma (throwers) |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: panner's disease is seen in what age range and gender |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: panner's disease presentation (3) |
|
Definition
lateral elbow pain
swelling
decreased ROM in a non capsular pattern |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: panner's disease typically involves localized avascular necrosis resulting in damage to what structures |
|
Definition
| capitellum with loss of subchondral bone and fissuring (Cracks) of articular surfaces |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: if loose bodies develop as a result of panner's disease what is refered to as |
|
Definition
| OCD (OsteoChonrditis Dessicans) |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Panner's disease intervention |
|
Definition
Rest from throwing or impact loading
Short period of splint/immobilization
Progressive Exercise Program |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Little Leaguer's Elbow econmpasses a spectrum of pathologies associated with throwing including (4) |
|
Definition
medial tension overload (avulsion of epiphysis)
lateral compression
posteromedial shear forces
extension overload |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: little leaguer's elbow is affected by what (3) |
|
Definition
age
skeletal maturity
competitive level |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Little Leaguer's Elbow Onset |
|
Definition
insidious or acute
acute usually associated with fx at site of lesion |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: little leaguer's elbow hx (3) |
|
Definition
pain on medial elbow with and without throwing
catching or locking d/t loose body
pain is persistent with stiffness |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Little Leaguer's Elbow mgmt: conservative |
|
Definition
rest and eliminate activity for 3-6 weeks
If OCD lesion-jut protection for several months |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Little Leaguer's Elbow mgmt: return to sport |
|
Definition
| when full and pain free ROM |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Little Leaguer's Elbow mgmt: after return |
|
Definition
| limit pitches per game, per week, per season, and rest days |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Little Leaguer's Elbow mgmt: surgical intervention (3) |
|
Definition
surgical intervention indicated if:
OCD lesion
loose body
failure of conservative tx |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Little Leaguer's Shoulder: contributing factors (4) |
|
Definition
number or team played on
last break from sports
positions
other sports |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Risk assessment shoulder: GIRD means what |
|
Definition
| glenohumeral internal rotaiton deficit |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Risk assessment shoulder: what does GIRD mesausre |
|
Definition
| IR deficit 20 or more degrees greater than non-throwing arm |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Risk assessment shoulder: summative clinical assessment (2) |
|
Definition
GIRD greater than 20 degrees
Total arc of motion deficit 5 degrees or more on throwing versus non-throwing arm |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Recommendations (5) |
|
Definition
Pitch selection
Position selection
Play multiple sports
3 months of a year minimum without throwing
Education |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Recommednations: Pitch selection means what |
|
Definition
No curveballs or sliders
(Miller says curveballs put less stress on the eblow than a fast IF thrown correctly) |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Recommendations: Position selection refers to what |
|
Definition
| avoid those with higher thrower counts (pitch and then catch) |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: PUlled Elbow aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Pulled Elbow (Nursemaid's Elbow): mean age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Pulled Elbow (Nursemaid's Elbow): hx of what |
|
Definition
| longitudinal traction of an extended elbow |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Pulled Elbow (Nursemaid's Elbow): what is the injury anatomically |
|
Definition
| partial slippage of annular ligament over head of radius |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Pulled Elbow (Nursemaid's Elbow): how will the child hold their arm |
|
Definition
| against side with hand pronated |
|
|
Term
| Elbow pediatric pathology: Pulled Elbow (Nursemaid's Elbow): intervention |
|
Definition
| closed reduction successful 86-98% of cases |
|
|
