1) When do females mature in relation to males?

1) Who was interested in the ways individuals develop psychologically to become active and contributing members of societ?

1) ~2 years earlier than males

2) Erikson

1) Erikson believed that ______ needs to accomodate the needs of all humans.

2) Erikson: People go through ___ life stages

3) In the first two, the ____ must develop a sense of ____ over ____ and a sense of ____ over ____ and ____

1) Society

2) Eight

3) Infant, trust, mistrust, autonomy, shame, doubt.

1) The focus of Erikson's third stage is:

2) The fourth stage during ________ involves:

3) The fifth stage ___ vs. ___, adolescents consciously attempt to solidify their ___?

1) Developing initiative and avoiding feelings of guilt.

2) Elementary school; achieving a sense of industry and avoiding feelings of inferiority.

3) Identity, role confusion, identity

1) The three stages of adulthood involve:

2) Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of development states that:

1) Struggles to achieve intimacy, generativity, and integrity.

2) Every person developes within a microsystem inside a mesosystem, embedded in an exosystem.

1) What is instrumental peer aggression?

2) What is hostile peer aggression?

3) What is relational aggression?

1) Intended to gain an object or privelege

2) Intended to inflict harm, can be either overt threats or physical attacks or relational aggression.

3) Threatening or damaging social relationships.

1) What is Self-concept?

2) What is Self-esteem?

1) Our attempt to explain ourselves to ourselves

2) An affective reation - an evaluation of who you are.

1) Preconventional level where judgments are based on self interest;

2) Conventional level where judgments are based on traditional family values and social exspectations

3) Postconventional level where judgments are based obn more abstract and personal ethical principles.

1 a) Gross-Motor and b) Fine-Motor skills from birth to age 3

2) 3 - 4.5 years

3) 4.5 - 6 years

1a) Sits and crawls, begins to run, b) Picks up, grasps, stacks, releases objects

2a) Stairs, two-feet jumps, throws ball, b) Holds crayon, uses utinsils, buttons, copies shapes

3a) Skips, rides two-wheel bicycle, catches ball, plays sports, b) Uses pencil, makes representational drawing, uses scissors, prints letters

Erikson's Stages: Important Events in Stages

1) Feeding

2) Toilet training

3) Independence

4) School

5) Peer relationships

6) Love relationships

7) Parenting/mentoring

8) Reflection/acceptance of one's life

1) Trust vs. mistrust

2) Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

3) Initiative vs. guilt

4) Industry vs. inferiority

5) Identity vs. role confusion

6) Intimacy vs. isolation

7) Generativity vs. stagnation

8) Ego integrity vs. despair

- Encourage make-believe with a wide variety of roles

- Encourage children to make and act on choices

- Be tolerant of accidents and mistakes

- Make sure students have opportunities to set and work toward realistic goals.

- Give students a chance to show their independence and responsibility.

- Supply a veriety of positive role models

- Help students find resources to solve personal problems

- Be tolerant of fads

- Give students realistic feedback about themselves

What are the four identity alternatives:

- Do not explore options or commit to actions

- have no firm direction

- are apathetic and withdrawn

- may be openly rebellious

- go along with the crowd

- are likely to abuse drugs

- commitment without exploration

- committed to the goals, values, and lifestyles of others, usually parents (sometimes cults/extremists)

- tend to be rigid, intolerant, dogmatic, and defensive

- Made choices and is committed to pursuing them

- Some adults may achieve a firm identity, only to reject that identity and achieve a new one later.

1) What falls within the Exosystem?

2) Macrosystem?

1) Influential social settings, ie. media, community, employers, health providers

2) Larger society, ie. laws, values, traditions

Parenting Styles: a) = warmth, b) = control

1) Authoritarian

2) Authoritative

3) Permissive

4) Rejecting/Neglecting

1a) low, b) high

2a) high, b) high

3a) high, b) low

4a) low, b) low

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development:

What are the three levels of moral development?

1) Preconventional, judgement based on own needs

2) Conventional, society and law are taken into account

3) Postconventional, judgments based on abstract, personal principles of justice, not defined by laws.