Term
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Definition
Mallophaga- chewing/biting lice
Look like: head LARGER than thorax |
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Term
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Definition
Anoplura- sucking lice
Causes: severe anemia (can be fatal in neonates)and predisposes to other diseases and parasites
Looks like: HEAD smaller THAN THORAX |
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Term
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Definition
Look like: dorsally flat, wingless, 6 legs
Life cycle: egg(nit), nymph, adult. Takes 3-4 weeks
Infection of: Pediculosis
2 Orders: Mallophaga- chewing/biting
Anoplura- sucking
Transmission: Direct or via fomites
Nits cement to hair shaft. Can see adults and nits w/ naked eye. View in oil on 4X and 10X to differentiate.
Very species specific! |
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Term
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Definition
Look like: winged insects (2 wings total)
Adults feed intermittently on host
Larvae may develop in Sub Q tissues
Periodic parasites
Classified by which sex feeds on host. Female only OR both sexes. |
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Term
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Definition
Biting gnats AKA: No see-ums, punkies, and sand flies
Only females bite
Look like: tiny 1-3mm long
Feed on dorsum or ventrum
Horses may become allergic and develop: Sweet Itch, Queensland Itch, Summer Dermatitis, or Sweat Itch(all the same thing) |
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Term
| Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex |
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Definition
Mosquitoes
Only females bite
Can cause: Anemia
Intermediate host for: Heartworms
Can also spread: Malaria(humans), and EEE, WEE, and VEE(encephalomyelitus in equine) |
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Term
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Definition
Chrysops- Deer fly(smaller) and Tabanus- Horse fly(larger)
Only females bite
Looks like: largest flies up to 3.5 cm. long
Feed on ventral abdomen, legs, neck, and withers
Bites hurt! |
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Term
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Definition
Stomoxys calcitrans- stable fly or biting housefly
Both sexes bite
Looks like: same size as housefly
Feed on legs, ventral abdomen, ears(fly strike)
Parasitizes many domestic animals
Mechanical vector for Bacillus anthracis(anthrax) and EIA(equine infectious anemia) |
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Term
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Definition
Haematobia irritans- horn fly
Both sexes bite
Looks like: 3-6 mm long
Feeds around base of cattle horns at temps. of less than 70 degrees F; shoulders, back, and sides in warmer weather; ventral abdomen in hot weather
Voracious feeders!
Cause blood loss, slow weight gain, and slow milk production
Cause greater loss in cattle than any other blood sucking fly in U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
Melophagus ovinus- sheep keds
Both sexes bite
Look like: only wingless dipteran, hairy, leathery, 4-7mm long, similar to lice
Cause pruritus(sheep damage wool) ked feces stains wool |
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Term
Define Facultative Myiasis
Myiasis is the invasion of hosts Sub Q tissues or organs with Dipteran larvae |
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Definition
This means larvae are free living but can be on animal; can adapt to a parasitic existence
Normally eggs are laid on feces or decaying animal carcasses
Flies can lay eggs in contaminated skin wounds or soiled hair coats
Eggs hatch to larval stage(maggots), feed on dead tissue, secretions, and exudates and kill more tissue(skin) in the process
Can kill the host(shock, intoxication, infection)
3 Diptera that use facultative myiasis: 1) Housefly(Musca domestica) 2) Blowflies 3) Flesh flies |
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Term
Define Obligatory Myiasis
Myiasis is the invasion of hosts Sub Q tissues or organs with Dipteran larvae |
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Definition
This means larvae MUST invade hosts Sub Q tissues to survive
3 Diptera that use obligatory myiasis: 1)Screwworm(Cochliomyia hominivorax)
2)Wolf warble(Cuterebra)
3)Ox warble/Cattle grub(Hypoderma) |
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Term
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Definition
Cochliomyia hominivorax- screwworm fly
Larvae look like: wood screws
Fly lays eggs at edges of skin wounds
larvae feed on wound
ZOONOTIC! Reportable. No screwworms in U.S. right now. |
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Term
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Definition
Hypoderma- ox warble/cattle grub
Fly lays eggs on hairs
Larvae wander through Sub Q and often end up on back
Each has a breathing pore |
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Term
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Definition
Cuterebra- wolf warble
Adult fly lays eggs near rodent burrows. As host walks by, eggs hatch to 1st stage larval and crawl into fur. Larva then gets into hosts body through body openings and migrates through Sub Q tissues.
Most commonly found in cervical region (neck)
Usually found in late summer/early fall
Always have a breathing pore
Can have aberrant migrations (eye, brain, pharynx) |
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Term
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Definition
Ctenocephilades felis- cat flea
Most common flea in cats AND dogs |
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Term
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Definition
Fleas
Life cycle: 4 stages- adult, egg, larvae, pupae(cocoon)
Larvae feed on flea feces, eggs drop off in pet's environment, adults stay one 1 host unless there are too many(>200)
Adults look like: laterally flattened, 6 legs, powerful legs for jumping. Adults always parasitic.
Can cause anemia in young. Immediate host for Dipylidium caninum(tapeworm) and Dipetalonema (Acanthoceilonema) reconditum if host eats flea larvae. Can transmit Mycoplasma haemofelis from flea bite.
3 relevant species: 1)Ctenocephalides felis(cats and dogs), 2)Ctenocephalides canis(dogs), and 3)Echidnophaga gallinacea(poultry)
Diagnose: find flea dirt(stains white paper red/brown when wet)or flea combing adult fleas out
Treatment: treat all animals in house w/ adulticide and IGR(insect growth inhibitor)
Fleas can lay dormant in cold dry house for weeks! |
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