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Details Title: Ecotoxicology Final Description: 2nd card set Total Flash Cards: 46 Created: 12/13/2007 16:29:53	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term By far, the major source of CO2 from Brazil Definition deforestation for ag use Term Toxic metal expected in outflows from tanneries Definition Chromium Term Element that is reduced in sediments and is associated with methylation of mercury (helps drive the process). Definition sulphur Term Correlations between human disturbance, species diversity, & susceptibility to exotic spp. Invasions (from Brazil lecture) Definition Streams more affected by humans more susceptible to invasions. Highest species richness in leas disturbed streams. Term Critical habitat to protect in order to protect stream biota Definition Riparian zones Term Impacts of industry on Rio de Janeiro coastal water quality Definition decrease in dissolved oxygen, increased algae, incresed heavy metals Term A herbicide formerly used on marijuana, used in Brazil and used in the US for defoliating soybeans (and cotton Definition Paraquot Term Crop that is consuming the highest quantities of water in Brazilian agriculture Definition Sugar cane Term Sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to paraquat Definition lethal to insects, prawn, snails, zooplankton Term Major causes of population decline in condors, including life history & human impacts. Definition DDT, collecting, Animal trade, collisions with power lines, lead poisoning, shooting. Slow population growth. Term How the condor populations are being assisted Definition captive breeding and release Term Primary source of lead that has impaired recovery of condors. Definition lead shot/ bullet fragment ingestion Term How the individual birds are assessed; body fluid that is tested for lead in live birds (and mammals). Definition blood samples Term Evidence that lead shot was the source of the problem in condors. Definition isotope ratios, found shot in birds Term Principal clinical signs of lead toxicosis in condors. Definition weight loss, weakness, reduction in movement, uncoordination, nervous system, kidney, and circulatory system impacts Term General detoxification method for condors if their lead body burden is high Definition chelation Term How the birds are managed in captivity to reduce interactions with people and human changes in environment after release Definition puppet rearing, parent rearing, isolation, aversion therapy Term Approximate number of California condors in the wild today Definition 100 Term Long term solutions to the problem lead toxicosis in condors Definition get rid of lead shot, acquire more hunting-free zones Term Why specialized species including polar bears are particularly at risk from climate change Definition narrow nitch. Cascade effect of warming in arctic Term How being at the top of a food chain results in an animal having to deal with the summation of effects on other trophic orders (polar bear talk) Definition Cascade effect Term Why climate change increases the period of fasting in female polar bears Definition Pregnant females fast for longer. Can't den on fast ice if it's melting Term How climate change alters the food web so that polar bears may have less to eat. Definition Decreased sea ice - water interface Preferred environment of algae Algae main food of Atlantic Cod Atlantic Cod Prey for many species Seals prey on cod Seals are main prey of polar bears Term How climate change alters the access to prey that are there when the bears are hunting on the ice Definition Seals have more air holes Term Reason why GPS tracking does not always work Definition Substrate in the way of satellite reception Term Why studies of the Hudson Bay coastal polar bears may be a good predictor of future conditions Definition Southern most population Term Trends in body condition & body fat over time in polar bears Definition Bears were returning to land in poorer condition Factor in survival – lose between 0.7 and 0.85 kg/day when fasting, fat loss is 93% of mass change Related to ringed seal numbers change in fish populations and change in bear hunting environment Term The major causes of deer overpopulation in the US. Definition Restricted seasons & game laws - Introductions - Tree planting/forested landscaping - Decline in predators - Moderate climates (Global warming Term How global warming influences deer population size. Definition - Moderate climates - Mild winters  Increase deer body mass & winter survival  population growth Term How overpopulated deer aggravate global CO2 burdens Definition reduced vegetation?? Term Some major diseases associated with high deer populations. Definition Tick-borne zoonoses - Lyme disease and ehrlichiosis Bovine tuberculosis - Mycobacterium bovis Chronic Wasting Disease (“Mad Cow”) - Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Term How woody plants evolve to rely on toxins more earlier in life than later in life Definition once too big to be browsed, makes sense to produce fewer toxins Term How browsers may favor and then later degrade plant diversity Definition forage on dominant species, those get reduced, browse resistant species do better, then become dominant Term How overpopulated deer may increase silt & nutrients in water Definition reduced ground cover-> increased erosion Term How over-browsing favors conifers & reduced soil nitrogen. Definition Reduced leaf litter favors conifers Term Duration of relatively low deer abundance needed for recovery of the plant community Definition long time Term Current “control” methods to reduce deer impacts on the environment Definition hunting, sharp shooting, fencing, repellents, sensors, birth control Term How gill raker spacing influences ecological impacts & nutrients free in the water Definition Influences ability to filter small algae Term Origin of Asian carp before they became an exotic pest species in the US Definition Eastern Asia. Brought in for management of aquaculture water quality Term Four major exotic species with major adverse impacts in the Great Lakes. Definition Sea Lamprey, Zebra Mussels, Round Goby, Eurasian Ruffe Term Meaning of oligotrophic & mesotrophic, which lakes have which condition, & why this influences whether an exotic carp will become established in sufficient numbers to become a pest species. Definition nutrient availability impacts phytoplankton which in turn impacts fish survivability Term Meaning of stoichiometry in terms of energy budgets Definition Balance of what goes in and what goes out and what is used for growth and reproduction. Equations need to account for all energy and all matter. Term Why feces were removed from the aquaria in this study. Definition They eat their own feces Term Current assumption as to the efficiency of bighead carp in filtering small algae Definition not particularly efficient Term How long ago the Great Lakes were covered by glaciers Definition 9-14,000 years ago Term Two Great Lakes with the longest and two with the shortest water retention times; & how this may affect exposures of aquatic biota to persistent contaminants Definition Superior/ Erie