Details Title: Economic Plants Description: Studying for my midterm Total Flash Cards: 85 Created: 11/11/2008 14:14:54		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Plant Sciences Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Legumes Definition Pea Family, single chambered pods Term Root Nodules Definition Nitrogen fixing bacteria, give nitrate to plants and get sugar back Term Kidney Bean Definition C/S America 20% protein Term Pea Definition 7000 yrs of cultivation Mediterranean/Middle East Term Soybean Definition China/Japan/Korea 3000 yrs of cultivation 100 tons harvested Term Peanut Definition C/S America 3500 yrs of cultivation 2-3 seeds per pod Virginia & Spanish types 30 million tons a year stalk elongates after pollination Term Tropical Pulses Definition India/Africa/S America Lima Bean, Chick Pea, Black Gram, Mung Bean, Pidgeon Pea Lentils from Near East make dahl, drought intolerant Term Carob Definition Arabian Peninsula St. John's Bread rich in protein/sugar Used as stabilizer/thickener Term Forage Crops Definition High quality protein naturally increases soil nitrogen clovers/alfalfa Term Vegetables Definition Types: Bulb, Rhizome, Tuber, Corm Term Bulbs Definition Monocot, Lily Family Onion, Garlic Central Asia/New East Term Tubers Definition Tomato Family Andes Mountains of S America Derived from a single cultivar Term Yams Definition Monocot West Africa Cush Cush Yam (C America) N American Yams are sweet potatoes Term Corms Definition Monocot Taro Indian Subcontinent 1000s of years in SE Asia Term Tropical True Roots Definition Cassava, Sweet Potato Term Cassava Definition Mexico/NE Brazil 1/3 of Africa's calorie intake Poisonous glyrosides removed by boiling Can be fermented Term Sweet Potato Definition C/S America 4500 yrs of cultivation Called Yams but not Susceptible to pathogen/insects Term Taproots Definition Biennial Store carbs first year, 2nd year it blooms Term Carrot Family Definition Carrots, Parsnip (Europe/C Asia) centuries of cultivation Term Goosefoot Family Definition Beet/Sugar Beet (Europe/W Asia) Napoleonic Wars Term Mustard Family Definition Turnips. Rutabaga (Europe) Winter food source Radish (Eurasia) Term Green Vegetables Definition Mustard & Sunflower Family Term Mustard Family Definition Temperate Regions Oil Seed (S Europe) Term Brassica Oleracea Definition Cabbage, Broccoli, Brussel Sprouts, Cauliflower, Kohlorabi, Kale Term Brassica Rapa Definition Pak Choi, Chinese Flowerin Cabbage, Celery Cabbage Term Sunflower Family Definition Lettuce (Mediterranean) 6000 yrs of cultivation heading/iceberg types endive, artichoke Term Carrot Family Definition Celery Term Goosefoot Family (Green Vegetables) Definition Swiss Chard, Beet Green Spinach (SW Asia) Term Lily Family Definition Asparagus (Ancient Egypt) Term Spices Definition Hide smell/taste 2000 yrs of cultivation (Mediterranean) Venice important to spice trade Spice Trade (India/Near East/Europe) exchanged goods for spice Portuguese monopoly broken by British/Dutch Term Temperate Spice Regions Mint Family Definition Dicot, perennial, woody (Mediterranean) Rosemary, Thyme, Oregano, Marjoram, Basil, Sage, Mints Term Temperate Spice Regions Carrot Family Definition Musty, Pungent Parsley (S Europe) Dill (W Asia) Term Mustards Definition Black/Brown/White Make pastes Term Tarragon Definition Sunflower Family Term Bayleaf Definition (Mediterranean) Used for Olympic crowns Term Safrron Definition 150k used for 1kg Term Fenugreek Definition (Mediterranean/India) Term Licorice Definition Mediterranean/C Asia Term Cinnamon Definition India Term Cloves Definition Indonesia 100,000 tons annually Term Nutmeg Definition Indonesia Term Black Pepper Definition SW India Term Ginger Definition India/SW China Monocot Term Allspice Definition C America Term Chili Definition (C/S America) Term Vanilla Definition Perennial Orchid Family C/S America Term Tumeric Definition Ginger Family Herbaceous Perennial South Asia Colouring Agent/Anticeptic India (greatest producer) Term Watercress Definition Cabbage Family Aquatic Perennial Europe/C Asia Grown in water Plastic bags processed in Europe Leaves used for food Term Sugars/Sweeteners Definition Monosaccharides Disaccharides Contains Cellulose Term Bioethanol Definition Anaerobic Fermentation Renewable Resource Add/Replace Gasoline Corn in US 1.3x input Sugar Cane in Brazil 8x input Term Sugar Cane Definition Perennial First grown in Mediterranean slave trade "Sugar Triangle" importance Term Sugar Beet Definition Biennial Harvested after 2nd year 300 yrs of cultivation 250 mil tons of sugar annually Russia/Germany/US producers Term Tropical Palms Definition tapped to gather sap Term Sugar Palm Definition Tropical Asia Male & Female clusters Male cut off to tap 1800L annually Term Palmyra Palm Definition India/SE Asia Separate Male/female Male tapped, Female fruit 25,000L a year Term Stevia/Sugarleaf Definition Paraguay Perennial Herb Sunflower Family 300x sweeter than sucrose Term Miracle Berry Definition W Africa glycoprotein miraculin binds tastebuds, makes salts sweet Term Plant Oils Definition Saturated or Unsaturated Sat: no double bond Unsat: double bonds Hydrogenation: eliminates double bond Unsaturated: Omega-3 & 6 acids (good) Term Soap Definition 2000 yrs of cultivation Saponification water insoluable Term Biodiesel Fuel Definition Germany = 2.5 units put in to get back 1 Term Canola Definition Rapeseed/Canola/Rutabaga/Rapekale 30 yrs ago, made in UofM important to Canada/Europe Term Sunflower Definition W US 2000 yrs of cultivation drought tolerant annual Term Linseed/Flax Definition Mediterranean Annual 8000 yrs of cultivation cold pressing o3 & o6 Term Olive Oil Definition Mediterranean Can't tolerate freezing "virgin" oil or "extra virgin" oil Term Sesame Oil Definition India/Africa Annual Term Peanut Definition S America Bean/Pea Family Annual Term Corn Definition Mexico 7500 yrs Annual Polyunsaturate Term Soybean Oil Definition Bean/Pea Family 3000 yrs ago 100 mil tons Term Saffflower Definition Middle East Sunflower Family No longer in the wild Term Oil Palm Definition W Africa Male/Female on the same plant Female = 100s of fruits high in saturated fat Term Coconut Definition Malaysia 3000 yrs ago High in saturated fat 4000 billion per year Term Tung Definition SE Asia paint/varnish eleostearic acid highly unsaturated Term Waxes Definition Occur in most plants Term Caranuba Definition Brazil Term Jojoba Definition NW Mexico/US Separate Male/Female Term Candelilla Definition Mexico/US Term Para Rubber Definition Amazon Rain forests of S America Vulcanization (makes stronger/better stretch) 40% from natural sources per year used in games by early Europeans Term Akron, Ohio Definition Important rubber producer until Radial Tires Term Guayule Definition SW US Sunflower Family Hypoallergenic Term Gutta-Percha Definition SE Asia Insulation Term Chicle Definition C&S America Used for gum sweeter than current gum Term Balata Definition C&S America Similar to Gutta used for golf balls Term Plant Fibers Definition Retting - extract soft stem fiber Decortication - hard stem fiber Ginning - Seed cotton fiber Term Cotton Definition Perennial 10000 yr old cloth found in Peru 5000 yr old found in SE Asia Term Bast/Stem Definition Retting used Jute (Herb) Flax (2-3x better than cotton) Hemp (marijuana) Ramie (hard to harvest)