Term
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Definition
| the absolute number of observations that falls into a given class |
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Term
| absolute frequency distribution |
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Definition
| a tabular summary of a data set showing the absolute numbers of observations that fall into each of several collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive classes |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphical portrayal of qualitative or quantitative variable by a series of (usually) noncontiguous horizontal or vertical bars, the lengths of which are proportional to values that are to be depicted |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphical device that highlights the highest and lowest values in a data set, along with a number of other key observations in an ordered array of the data, such as the upper quartile, the middle value ( or median), and the lower quartile |
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Term
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Definition
| the midpoint of a class width |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between the numerical lower and upper limit of a class of quantitative data |
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Term
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Definition
| groupings of data, created to enhance understanding of them, usually by making the groups collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive |
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Term
| collectively exhaustive classes |
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Definition
| classes of data that, as a group, exhaust all logical possibilities for classifying the available data |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphical portrayal of qualitative or quantitative variables by a series of (usually) noncontiguous vertical bars, the lengths of which are proportional to values that are to be depicted |
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Term
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Definition
| tabular summaries of data for two variables such that classes for one variable are represented by the headings of rows, classes for the other variable are represented by column heads, and information pertaining to both variables is entered in various table cells where rows and columns intersect |
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Term
| cumulative class frequency |
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Definition
| sum of (absolute or relative) class frequencies for all classes up to and including the class in question, beginning at either end of the frequency distribution |
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Term
| cumulative frequency distribution |
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Definition
| a tabular summary of a data set showing for each of several collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive classes the absolute number or proportion of observations that are less than or equal to the upper limits of the classes in question (LE type) or that are more than or equal to their lower limits (ME type) |
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Term
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Definition
| a visualization of an ordered array the simplest of tables,and, in that sense, equivalent to it, the graph consists of a horizontal line, drawn to accomodate all possible values of a variable, from the smallest on the left to the largest on the right; dots above any given value on the line indicate the frequency of that value's occurrence; unless otherwise stated, each dot represents one observation |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphical portrayal of an absolute or relative frequency distribution of a continuous quantitative variable as a smooth curve |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of (absolute or relative) class frequency to class width |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphical portrayal of an absolute or relative frequency distribution of continuous quantitative data in such a way that lower and upper limits of data classes are identified by tick marks on a horizontal axis, while the corresponding absolute or relative class frequencies are represented by the ares of contiguous rectangles that stand on top of each of these class intervals (Note: If all class intervals are alike, as is true throughout this text and in most computer programs, the absolute or relative class frequencies are also well represented by the heights of the contiguous rectangles) |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphical portrayal of an absolute or relative frequency distribution of a continuous quantitative variable as many-sided-figures |
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Term
| mutually exclusive classes |
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Definition
| classes of data that do not overlap and, thus, have no data in common |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphical portrayal of an LE type or ME type of cumulative frequency distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| classes that have only one stated end point, the upper of lower class limit |
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Term
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Definition
| a listing of data in order fo ascending or descending magnitude |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of symbols used to depict data |
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Term
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Definition
| a portrayal of divisions of some aggregate by a segmented circle in such a way that the sector areas are proportional to hte sizes of the divisions in question |
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Term
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Definition
| in a frequency distribution, the proportion of all observations that falls into a given class; the ratio of the number of observations in a particular class to the total number of observations made |
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Term
| relative frequency distribution |
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Definition
| a tabular summary of a data set showing the proportions of all observations that fall into each of several collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive classes |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphical display consisting of a scatter of dots, with each dot representing one observation about a variable measured along the horizontal axis and another observation about a different variable measured along the vertical axis |
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Term
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Definition
| a portrayal of data for areal units (such as world regions, nations, states, counties, or even census tracts) by differentiating these units in a different ways on a geographic map |
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Term
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Definition
| an unusual type of diagram that combines the features of an ordered array and frequency histogram |
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Term
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Definition
| an arbitrary rule to determine the desirable number of classes k, in a frequency distribution; given a data set of size n, the rule suggests k-1+3.3 long n as the ideal |
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Term
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Definition
| the graphical portrayal, by a continuous line, of data that are linked with time |
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