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Ecology
N/A
32
Biology
9th Grade
12/07/2010

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Term
Biological Community
Definition
An assemblage of populations living close enough together for potential interaction
Described by its species composition
Term
Interspecific Interactions
Definition
Relationships with other species in the community
Term
Interspecific Competition
Definition
Two different species compete for the same limited resource
Term
Ecological Niche
Definition
Sum of an organism’s use of biotic and abiotic resources
Interspecific competition occurs when the niches of two populations overlap
Term
Trophic Structure
Definition
A pattern of feeding relationships consisting of several different levels
Term
Food Chain
Definition
Sequence of food transfer up the trophic levels
Term
Producers
Definition
Support all other trophic levels
Autotrophs
Term
Consumers
Definition
Heterotrophs
Term
Detritivores and Decomposers
Definition
Derive energy from dead matter and wastes
Term
Food Web
Definition
A network of interconnecting food chains
Term
Species Diversity
Definition
Species richness
Relative abundance
Term
Keystone Species
Definition
A species whose impact on its community is larger than its biomass or abundance indicates
Occupies a niche that holds the rest of its community in place
Term
Disturbances
Definition
Events that damage biological communities
Storms, fire, floods, droughts, overgrazing, or human activity
The types, frequency, and severity of disturbances vary from community to community
Term
Ecological Succession
Definition
Colonization by a variety of species
A success of change gradually replaces other species
Term
Primary Succession
Definition
Begins in a virtually lifeless area with no soil
Term
Secondary Succession
Definition
When a disturbance destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
All the organisms in a community as well as the abiotic environment
Term
Components of ecosystems
Definition
Energy flow
Chemical cycling
Term
Primary production
Definition
The amount of solar energy converted to chemical energy
Carried out by producers
Produces biomass
Term
Biogeochemical cycles
Definition
Cycle chemicals between organisms and the Earth
Can be local or global
Term
Nitrogen fixation
Definition
Carried out by some bacteria and cyanobacteria
Term
Acid precipitation
Definition
Changes in land use
Climate warming
Term
Endangered species
Definition
One that is “in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range”
Term
Threatened species
Definition
Those likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future
Term
Invasive species
Definition
Compete with native species
Prey on native species
Parasitize native species
Term
Ozone Layer
Definition
Release of chlorofluorocarbons from aerosol cans and manufacturing
Term
Habitat loss
Definition
Population fragmentation
Term
Conservation biology priority
Definition
Past efforts
Today
Term
Landscape ecology
Definition
Dynamics of a collection of ecosystems
Term
Zoned reserve
Definition
Extensive region of land with one or more areas undisturbed by humans
Contributes to sustainable development
Term
Restoration ecology
Definition
Uses ecological principles to restore environments
Term
Restoring environments
Definition
Bioremediation
Replanting native vegetation
Repairing waterways and wetlands
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