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Ecology
first test
42
Biology
Undergraduate 3
05/24/2010

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Term
Evolution
Definition
is the process that changes population of organisms  over time, associated with changes in the frequency  of heritable traits in a population. A change in gene frequency in a population
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
is the cause of evolution
Term
heritable
Definition
pass down sucessfuly
Term
Randomization
Definition
sampling of assignments
Term
Control
Definition

All of the non-treatment factors to be the same for all experimental groups

Term
Replication
Definition

Multiple individuals in each group, observed to document and average variation

Term
Comparison
Definition

That is groups that receive different treatments to determine response

Term
Macroclimate
Definition

is what weather stations report and what we represented with a climate diagram

Term
microclimate
Definition
is climate variation on a scale of  few kilometers, meters, or even centimeters, measured over a short period of time
Term
acclimation
Definition
short term physiological adjustments
Term
adaptation
Definition
long term physiological adjustments
Term
metabolic heat 
Definition
internal heat or metabolic activity
Term
conduction
Definition
transfer of heat between objects in direct contact
Term
Convection
Definition
process if heat flow between solid body and moving fluid
Term
radiation
Definition
heat transferred through electromagnetic radiation
Term
evaporation
Definition
heat loss by an organism by water evaporating
Term
gradient 
Definition
when environmental conditions often differ from conditions within an organism body
Term
ectotherm
Definition
species control body temperature using external heat source
Term
endotherm
Definition
species increases metabolic activity to increase body temperature above that of the environment
Term
poikilotherm
Definition
- variable body temperature
Term
homeotherm
Definition
constant body temp
Term
heterotherm
Definition
constant body temp, but with variable set point
Term
thermal neutral zone
Definition
range of environmental temperature over which the metabolic rate of homeothermic animal does not change
Term
torpor
Definition
state of low metabolic rate and lowered body temperature
Term
hibernation
Definition

- when a species experiences torpor for a extended time

Term
estivation
Definition

reduction of metabolic rate to withstand a certain temperature for a period of time

Term
diffusion,
Definition

- if an internal environment differs from the external environment differ in concentration of water and salts, the substances will move down the concentration gradient

Term
osmosis-
Definition

  diffusion of water across a semipermable membrane

Term
relative humidity-
Definition

 measure of water content of air relative to its content at saturation

Term
vapor pressure
Definition
- pressure exerted by all gases in the air ( total atmospheric pressure
Term
saturation vapor pressure-
Definition

 

   pressure exerted by the water vapor in the air that is saturated with water

 

Term
vapor pressure deficit,(VPD)
Definition

- difference between the actual water vapor pressure and the saturation water vapor pressure at a particular temperature

Term
water potential
Definition

 -capacity of water to do work, which is determined by its free energy content

Term
Autotroph
Definition
- organism that can synthesize organic molecules using inorganic molecules and energy from either sunlight or from inorganic molecules, such as hygdrogen sulfide
Term
Heterotroph
Definition

- organism that uses organic molecules both as a source of carbon and as a source of energy

Term
Herbivore- 
Definition
organism that eats plants
Term
Carnivore
Definition

- organism that consumes flesh

Term
Detritivore
Definition
- organism that consumes dead matter
Term

 PAR, -

Definition
 visible light
Term
net photosynthesis
Definition

- what’s left for growth and reproduction

Term
compensation point
Definition

 - plant gives off more CO2 from respiration than they take up for photosynthesis

Term
saturation point-
Definition
 more product allows organism to grow, spends water to keep cool
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