Term
A mass of air that rises in elevation by turbulence and is not saturated cools at
the |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of marine phytoplankton that are most abundant at upwelling sites are |
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Definition
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Term
Grime's life history classification for plants is made up of all of the following
except |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A spiral oceanic surface current driven primarily by the global wind system and constrained by the continents surrounding the three ocean basins (Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian). Each ocean basin has a large gyre in the subtropical region, centered around 30° north and south latitude |
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Term
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Definition
| they are populations of a roughly constant size whose members have low reproductive rates. They are very limited in resourses therefore they are a very competitive species. Humans are examples of a k-selected species. |
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Term
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Definition
| The offspring produced are numerous, mature quite rapidly, and require very little postnatal care. Consequently, this population grows fast, reproduces quickly, and dies quickly. Bacteria are examples of r- selected species are fish, frogs ect. |
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Term
~*Plants supplement carbon to microbial decomposers in the rhizosphere
~*Microbes are preyed on by microbivores that release minerals and nutrients back to the soil
~*Enhancement of mineral cycling and an increase in nutrient availability to plants |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of coral reefs? |
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Definition
– Fringing reefs
– Barrier reefs
– Atolls |
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Term
What is it called when coral appears to turn white?
What causeʼs it? |
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Definition
1)bleaching
2)loss of zooxanthellae |
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Term
| What is coral bleaching caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whatʼs one example of an Anadromous fish? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are adapted to consistently warm, but seasonally dry climates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Contrast lotic vs. lentic |
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Definition
| lotic is flowing water (rivers and streams) but lentic is nonflowing water (ponds, lakes, and wetlands) |
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Term
True or False: Mediterranean scrublands are often dominated by plants that are
adapted to frequent disturbance by fire. |
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Definition
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Term
| The open oceans of the tropics are characterized by |
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Definition
| permanently low productivity and strong thermoclines |
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Term
| Name 2 adaptations that mangroves have for growing in anoxic soils. |
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Definition
| Pneumatophores and prop roots |
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Term
In the experiment on Macaranga in Borneo, compared to plants grown in low-light, plants
grown in high-light had lower |
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Definition
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Term
Global patterns of net primary productivity are in part related to greater investment in roots
where moisture is limiting. Therefore the highest root:shoot ratios are found in: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| differential reproductive success among individuals within a population |
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Term
| They are populations of a roughly constant size whose members have low reproductive rates. The offspring produced require extensive postnatal care until they have sufficiently matured. They are very limited in resourses therefore they are a very competitive species. Humans are examples of a k-selected species. |
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Definition
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Term
| They are populations that experience rapid growth of the J-curve variety. The offspring produced are numerous, mature quite rapidly, and require very little postnatal care. Consequently, this population grows fast, reproduces quickly, and dies quickly. Bacteria are examples of r- selected species. |
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Definition
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Term
| Deserts are not usually found |
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Definition
| on the east coast of continents |
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Term
| Which of the following is true about albedo? |
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Definition
| different biomes vary more in albedo during winter than in summer |
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Term
| A mass of air that rises in elevation by turbulence and is not saturated cools at the |
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Definition
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Term
| The intertropical convergence zone is an area where |
|
Definition
| warm, humid air rises, cools and precipitates |
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Term
| Which of the following are adapted to consistently warm, but seasonally dry climates? |
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Definition
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Term
| The zone of the lake close to the edge where light penetrates to the bottom |
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Definition
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Term
A) productivity/respiration increases, then decreases
B) consumer communities shift from shredders, to grazers, to collectors
C) producers shift from attached algae and rooted plants to phytoplankton hence
D) all of the above are true |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a wetland formation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A group of marine phytoplankton that are most abundant at upwelling sites are? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The open oceans of the tropics are characterized by? |
|
Definition
| permanently low productivity and strong thermoclines |
|
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Term
| Animals that live in tubes or burrows of sandy or muddy shores are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Brown algae like the kelp Laminaria, are typically found in the? |
|
Definition
| from the lower half of the intertidal zone into the submerged zone |
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Term
| In C3 plants, rubisco acts as a? |
|
Definition
| carboxylase and oxygenase |
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Term
Is this true?:
the first step of carbon fixation in C4 plants happens in the bundle sheath cells |
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Definition
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Term
| As soil dries, what happens to the water potential? |
|
Definition
| it becomes more negative, and plant tissue water potential drops |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| break up a leaf’s boundary layer |
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Term
| The experiment on Macaranga in Borneo, compared to plants grown in low-light, plants grown in high-light had... |
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Definition
| lower specific leaf areas |
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Term
| Grime's life history classification for plants is made up of all of the following except? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Global patterns of net primary productivity are in part related to greater investment in
roots where moisture is limiting. Therefore the highest root:shoot ratios are found in? |
|
Definition
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Term
Data from many different ecosystems suggest that relationship between NPP and
secondary productivity is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungi are the dominant group of decomposers for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which plant carbon sources break down most rapidly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rates of organic decay are slower in New York than in North Carolina because? |
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Definition
| it is hotter and more humid in North Carolina for a longer part of the year |
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Term
| In the rhizosphere, microbial growth is typically limited by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements are true? |
|
Definition
A) trees producing high quality litter dominate sites with fine soil texture,
B) high quality litter is associated with fast rates of nitrogen mineralization and
C)high rates of nutrient availability are correlated with greater primary productivity
D)** all the above** |
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Term
|
Definition
| differential reproductive success among individuals within a population |
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Term
| Typical proportions of retranslocated nitrogen in woody species of the Eastern US are? |
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Definition
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Term
| Measured in a population, a significant correlation between the trait values of parents to the trait values of their offspring indicates that a trait is? |
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Definition
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Term
| When seeds became less abundant on some islands of the Galapagos due to a drought in the mid- to late-70’s, what happened to the average beak size of finches? |
|
Definition
| beak sizes increased due to directional selection |
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Term
| Gradual change in a phenotype along environmental gradients at a geographic scale is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Benthic and limnetic forms of three-spined sticklebacks are the result of? |
|
Definition
| divergent natural selection |
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Term
| Which of these evolutionary principles is not demonstrated by Darwinʼs Finches? |
|
Definition
| all evolutionary is gradual and takes many millenia to occur |
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Term
| Which of the following shows the typical pattern of a tradeoff? |
|
Definition
| the relationship between number of seeds and size of seeds in goldenrods |
|
|
Term
| Grime’s life history classification for plants is made up of all of the following except? |
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Definition
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Term
True/False: Most of the radiation emitted by the sun is longwave, whereas most of
the radiation re-emitted by the earth is shortwave. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/Flase: The landscape of polar tundras are less influenced by erosion than
they are by cycles of freezing and thawing. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| True/False: Savannahs have more complexity in their vertical structure than any other terrestrial biome. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Roughly 70% of all intercepted solar radiation is absorbed at the Earth’s surface. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False: Mediterranean scrublands are often dominated by plants that are
adapted to frequent disturbance by fire. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False: The most biomass consumed in grasslands is done by large grazing
herbivorous mammals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/false: RNPP of temperate grasslands is greater than that of temperate
forests. |
|
Definition
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Term
developed a plot of terrestrial biomes that shows how their
associations with major abiotic variables of temperature and precipitation |
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Definition
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Term
Early 20th century botanist/ecologist popularized the concept
that through ecological succession, ecological communities form a “superorganism.” |
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Definition
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Term
Economist whose Essays on the Principle of Populations
inspired Darwin and many early population biologists, among others |
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Definition
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Term
“Law of the Minimum”, established the role of limiting
nutrients in the growth and development of plants. |
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Definition
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Term
British animal ecologist that founded the Journal of Animal
Ecology and wrote the text Animal Ecology published in 1927 |
|
Definition
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Term
Established a quantitative foundation for ecosystem ecology
studies with his study of a bog in Minnesota. Died soon after publishing this study. |
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Definition
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Term
Late 19th century botanist that noted convergent evolution in
vegetation communities and wrote Plantesamfund |
|
Definition
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Term
extremely large “circular” movements of water on the surface of oceans. driven
by surface tradewinds & westerlies, and to a lesser extent by the Coriolis effect. |
|
Definition
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Term
specialized leaf type found in commonly in Mediterranean biome
shrubs. Low surface area/volume ratios, white epidermal hairs, and recessed stomata |
|
Definition
|
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Term
the water discharge that occurs in a moving body of water. measured in
units of volume/time (e.g. m^3/s), equal to velocity of the waterflow times the crosssectional
area of the stream channel. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
a microclimate effect common in urban areas caused by the greater heat
retention and production relative to less-developed surrounding areas. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare and Contrast
Holism vs. Reductionism |
|
Definition
Scale-dependent differences in scientific approach, trying to
understand phenomenon systemically, as opposed to breaking a system down into
component parts and studying each in isolation |
|
|
Term
Compare and Contrast
Climate vs. Weather |
|
Definition
climate is the long term averages of temperature and precipitation
patterns and patterns of seasonality. weather are these environmental conditions at a
given moment (or relatively short-term) |
|
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Term
Compare and Contrast
Lifting Condensation Level vs. Dew Point |
|
Definition
the lifting condensation level is the altitude at
which an air mass becomes saturated. Dew point is the temperature at which the air
mass becomes saturated. |
|
|
Term
Compare and Contrast
Lotic vs. Lentic |
|
Definition
lotic systems are flowing water systems (rivers & streams), lentic
systems are standing water systems (lakes & ponds) |
|
|
Term
Compare and Contrast
macronutrients vs. micronutrients |
|
Definition
| Macronutritents are nutrients that are needed in abundant amounts, micronutrients are nutrients needed in small amounts and if too much can end up killing an organism |
|
|
Term
| Contrast semelparous from iteroparous reproductive modes |
|
Definition
Semelparous= short lived species who spend all their energy into reproducing once and die
Iteroparous = long lived species who have lower energy put into reproducing and reproduce multiple times |
|
|
Term
| Contrast the traits of r-selected vs. K-selected species |
|
Definition
R-selected= grow fast, colonize quickly, reproduce quickly and in higher numbers, found in unstable high stress environments
K selected = grow slower, take longer to reach reproductive maturity, produce fewer offspring and better competitors in a stable environment |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 adaptations that mangroves have for growing in anoxic soils . |
|
Definition
| Pneumatophores and advenititious roots |
|
|
Term
| As a mature forest ages, productivity begins to decline. Give one reason why. |
|
Definition
| because trees begin to focus on growing of their trunks rather than their leaves |
|
|
Term
What is the best working explanation for the paradoxical pattern of decreasing NPP
with increasing precipitation in Ted Schuur’s observations and experiments in Maui? |
|
Definition
| High precipitation resulted in anoxic soil conditions as well as leaf with litter less labile nitrogen content, this decreased decomposition ratios which decrease the microbial loop rate of returning nutrients back to plants |
|
|
Term
| Define Net Mineralization Rate |
|
Definition
| The rate of which organic compounds are converted into inorganic compounds |
|
|
Term
| Do carbon:nitrogen ratios of residual organic matter typically increase or decrease during the course of decomposition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the different links between organisms involved in the soil microbial loop. |
|
Definition
| Plans provide carbon for bacteria which are consumed by herbivores which die and provide nutrients for plants again |
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