Term
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Definition
1900
Prohibit illegal kills brought across state lines |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Migratory Bird Treaty w/ Canada |
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Definition
| 1918 Fed gov into wildlife management |
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Term
| Federal Aid to States in Wildlife Restoration Act |
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Definition
1937
Pittman-Robertson or PR Act
Tax sporting goods
states submit projects to federal government |
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Term
| National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) |
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Definition
1969
EIS- environmental impact statements
CEQ- president's council on environmental quality
EA-environemntal assessments, projects w/ federal land |
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Term
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Definition
sierra club
preservation
yosemite
friends w/Teddy Roosevelt |
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Term
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Definition
founder of American Forestry,
conservation
learned from Europe about forestry |
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Term
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Definition
national monuments & antiquities system
increased national park system
national forrest system |
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Term
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Definition
founer of American wildlife management
journal
professor |
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Term
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Definition
| started in 1900 with the Lacey Act |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow range of tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
political cartoonist
Director US Bureau of Biology Survey
Duck Stamp Act
brought money to system |
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Term
| North American System of Wildlife Management |
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Definition
1. Asence of a market in the meat parts
2. Allocation of benefits of wildlife by law to all
3. Prohibition of frivolous killing of wildlife |
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Term
| Losses from Passenger Pigeons |
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Definition
1. Ongoing meat
2. fertilization
3. insect control
4. predator control |
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Term
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Definition
1) Preservation - nature allowed to take course w/o human intervention
2) Direct Manipulation - capture-release, stock, predator control
3) Indirect Manipulation - vegetation, water or other habitat altered |
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Term
| Recovery of the Wood Duck |
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Definition
1) Status recognition - #s too low
2) legal protection - laws and bag limits
3) habitat improvements - build wood boxes
4) population monitoring - counting birds |
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Term
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Definition
| implies that each mortality factor is additive to the total for the population |
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Term
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Definition
(replacive)
one form of mortality may compensate for another form of mortality but the totaly mortality remains the same |
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Term
| Inversely density-dependent mortality |
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Definition
(uncommon)
refers to rates of mortality that decrease as population density increases |
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Term
| Density-independent mortality |
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Definition
rate of mortality remains the same regardless of population density
rate may vary w/environmental fluctuations such as drought and severe weather |
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Term
| Density-dependent mortality |
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Definition
| refers to mortality rate that increases as population density increases |
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Term
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Definition
insects, most fish, amphibians, small rodents
relatively shorter lifespan and produce large amounts of offspring
increase population w/o any apparent feedback from environment
population will continue to grow until resources run out |
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Term
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Definition
primates, elephants, large ungulates, tortoise
usually live longer lives near carrying capactiy of the enviornment
lower rates of population growth w/ a higher efficeiency in their use of resources |
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Term
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Definition
| describing the EVOLUTION in that species |
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Term
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Definition
where species fits into the animal kingdom
HIERARCY |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
different species of plants and animals that share similar structural physiological and behavioral adaptations to different segments of the same biome in different parts of the world
*same function
*kangaroo & bison (both grazers) |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest identifiable collection of plants and animals that can be identified in a group |
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Term
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Definition
| ecological equivalents within a population that are adapted to local conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| differs taxonomically from other subdivisions of the species |
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Term
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Definition
| basic taxonomic category referring to groups of interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups |
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Term
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Definition
| as the # of competitors increases, niches overlap and nich width decreases |
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Term
| Competitve exclusion principle |
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Definition
| two species cannot coexist indefinitely, extinction, emigration, split the niche, or resource partitioning will occur |
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Term
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Definition
| niche is so important that other species depend on it |
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Term
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Definition
| unique role of each species in its ecosystem; the emphasis is on function |
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Term
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Definition
| group of interacting and inter-dependent populations of plants and animals that live in the same area |
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Term
| Heat loading (adaptive hyperthermia) |
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Definition
| acan raise body temp to adapt to heat |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movements to and from (generally following food sources) |
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Term
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Definition
| animals around equator dark colored and farther away lighter colored |
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Term
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Definition
appendages
extremities of warm blooded animals are shorter in colder areas and longer in warmer |
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Term
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Definition
body size
body size of species of warm blooded animals is greatest in colder part of range and smaller in the warmest rang |
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Term
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Definition
| toxins more concentrated as they move up the food chain (ex. DDT) |
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Term
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Definition
| each level in a food chain |
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Term
| 2nd Law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
(entropy)
quality of energy is degraded irreversibly
10% rule - estimate energy transferred to next level, heat primary cause of energy loss |
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Term
| 1st law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
quantity
conservation of energy
total quantity of energy remains the same |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interacting system composed of all the living organisms and their non-living environment in an area large enought to permit the characteristic changes of energy and perpetuation of component organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| the area of earth where life can exist |
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Term
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Definition
passenger pigeon
need noise of 200 pigeons for females to lay eggs |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual encroachment of desert on fertile land from overgrazing or overfarming |
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Term
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Definition
| the application of knowlege and ethics in preservation, enhancement and regulation of wildlife resources |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| natural history (species) |
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Definition
specific descriptions of wildlife species
1) general characteristics
2) scientific/common name
3) geographic range
4) reproduction
5) behavior
6) adaptations and habits
7) population dynamics |
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Term
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Definition
1. feed themselves
2. protect themselves
3. reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| study of interactions that determine distribution and abundance of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| new movement, brings together ecology, wildlife biology, molecular biology, systematics, evolutionary biology and population genetics to seek species richness and diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| the wise maintenance and use of natural resources |
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Definition
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